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Z BIO103- Microbiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microbiology is the field of science that studies

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

Micriobioly derive its name from three greek words;

A

mikros, bios, logia

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3
Q

mikros

A

small

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4
Q

bios

A

life

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5
Q

logia

A

science

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6
Q

what is microbiology?

A
  • Study of life too small to be
    seen by unaided eye
  • Using techniques of
    microbiology
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7
Q

Using techniques of
microbiology

A
  • isolate microorganisms
  • study their characteristics
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8
Q

Define ‘microorganisms’

A
  • Microorganisms
  • Prokaryotes
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9
Q

microorganisms

A
  • can be eukaryotic, archeal, bacterial
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10
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • lack membraine-bound nucleus
  • self-replicate
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11
Q

Does bacteria have body parts?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Virus contains…..

A

genetic material either DNA or RNA and have protein

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13
Q

Bacteria or Virus. Which of the following have body parts?

A

Bacteria.

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14
Q

Can Virus replicate?

A

No

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15
Q

The science of microbiology

A
  • Biochem
  • Molecular Bio
  • Physiology
  • Genetics
  • Geology
  • Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Chemistry
  • Ecology
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16
Q

Microbiology; Basic

A
  • By organism,
  • By process,
  • Disease related
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17
Q

Microbiology; Basic; By organism

A
  • Bacteriology
  • Phycology
  • Mycology
  • Virology
  • Parasitology
  • Protazoalogy
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18
Q

Microbiology; basic; by process;

A
  • Microbial Metabolism
  • Microbial genetics
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19
Q

Microbiology; basic; disease related

A
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Etiology
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20
Q

Microbiology; Applied

A
  • Dieases related
  • Environmentally related
  • Industrial
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21
Q

Microbiology; Applied; Disease related

A
  • Infection
  • Control
  • Chemotheraphy
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22
Q

Microbiology; Applied; Environmentally related

A
  • Environmental microbiology
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23
Q

Microbiology; Applied; Industrial

A
  • Food and Beverage tech
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Microbiology
  • Genetic
  • Engineering
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24
Q

Two major areas in the field of microbiology

A
  • Basic Microbiology
  • Applied Microbiology
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25
Q

where the fundamental nature and properties of microorganisms are studied

A

Basic Microbiology

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26
Q

where information learned
from basic microbiology is
employed to control and
use microorganisms in
beneficial ways

A

Applied Microbiology

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27
Q

1st person to describe
microorganisms

A

Robert Hooke

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28
Q

Robert Hooke
* described the _____ _____ _ _____ in 1665

A

Fruiting structures of molds

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29
Q
  • discovered bacteria in 1676
    where he made drawings and
    reported his observations to the
    Royal Society of London
  • used primitive microscope to
    observe river water, pepper
    infusions, saliva and feces (see
    minute, moving objects which
    he called it ‘animacules’)
A

Anton van Leewenhoek (1632-1723)

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30
Q

Anton van Leewenhoek (1632-1723)
▪ used primitive microscope to
observe river water, pepper
infusions, saliva and feces (see
minute, moving objects which
he called it ‘____________’)

A

animacules

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31
Q

▪ trained as a botanist
▪ founded the field of bacteriology and discovered
bacterial endospores of Bascillus
▪ credited for the used of cotton for closing flasks and tubes (simple
method for preventing contamination of sterile culture media)

A

Ferdinand Cohn (1828-1898)

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32
Q

Ferdinand Cohn (1828-1898)
▪ trained as a botanist
▪ founded the field of bacteriology and discovered
_____ ______ __ __________
▪ credited for the used of _____ for closing flasks and tubes (simple
method for preventing contamination of sterile culture media)

A
  • bacterial endospores of Bascillus
  • cotton
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33
Q

Specific bacteria that Ferdinand Cohn discovered the endospores

A

Bacillus subtilis (scientific name ang pag sulat)

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34
Q

Abiogenesis

A

life aros from the non-living

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35
Q

Biogenesis

A

life arose from life (living parents)

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36
Q

French chemist
▪ disprove the theory of spontaneous generation using his
Swan-neck or Pasteur Flask which was heated to
eliminate contamination
▪ Sterilization –process of killing all the bacteria or
microorganisms in or on objects

A

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

37
Q

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
French chemist
▪ disprove the theory of spontaneous generation using his
_______ _____ _ _______ _______ which was heated to
eliminate contamination
▪
____________ –process of killing all the bacteria or
microorganisms in or on objects

A
  • swan-neck or Pasteur flask
  • Sterilization
38
Q

occurs when grape juice is allowed to stand and
through a series of biochemical changes, alcohol and other
substances are produced from grape sugar.

A

Fermentation

39
Q

Wine making (Pasteur concluded that proper selection of microbes
could ensure a consistently good product)
How?

A
  1. Heating the grape juice
  2. Cool and inoculate it with some high-quality wine
    ( Starter culture = contained the desired kind of microbe)
  3. Preserved the wine by heating it to 50-60oC
    (pasteurization)
    -applied today in the canning and preservation
    of many foods
40
Q

contained the desired kind of microbe

A

Starter culture

41
Q

Species that we use on Yeast

A

Saccharomcyes cerevisiae

42
Q

UHT

A

(Ultra-high temperature processing) above 135 °C

43
Q

Established of Germ Theory of Disease

A

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

44
Q

– German physician
- development of methods for Study of bacteria culture
- Koch postulates (criteria to prove a specific microbe causes
a particular disease

A

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

45
Q

(criteria to prove a specific microbe causes
a particular disease)

A

Koch postulates

46
Q

the test of his postulate is his discovery of the causative
agent of ___________ (1881)

A

Tubercolosis

47
Q

—that is, a culture containing a
single kind (species) of microorganisms.

A

Pure Culture

48
Q

Pure culture —that is, a culture containing a
____ _______ _____ __ _________.

A

single kind (species) of microorganisms.

49
Q

-English surgeon
-development of the concept of aseptic technique

A

Joseph Lister (1827-1912)

50
Q

We take it for granted that a surgeon will guard a patient’s safety by using ______method

A

aseptic

51
Q

But this was not always the case, and until Lister introduced sterile surgery, a
patient could undergo a procedure successfully only to die from a postoperative infection known as ‘ward fever’…He chose dressings soaked with _______(phenol) to cover the wound and the rate of infection was vastly reduced. Lister then experimented with _________, _____________and
spraying _______ in the theatre while operating,

A
  • carbolic acid
  • hand washing,
  • sterilizing instruments; and spraying carbolic
52
Q

Lister is known as…

A

Father of antiseptic surgery

53
Q

Father of antiseptic surgery

A

Joseph Lister

54
Q

Discovered the Enrichment Culture technique
- a dutch botanist (1851-1931)

A

Martinus Beijerinck

55
Q

a procedure that greatly improves the possibility of isolating special kinds of microorganisms from soil and water (nutrient and incubation requirements)

A

Enrichment culture

56
Q

example of enrichment culture

A

aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, sulfatereducing, sulfur-oxidixing bacteria, green algae

57
Q

Who founded chemolithotropy

A

Sergei Winogradsky

58
Q

Russian microbiologist (1856-
1953)
* made fundamental observations
on the role of microorganisms in
performing biogeochemical involving sulfur, iron and their
compounds

A

Sergei Winogradsky

59
Q
  • made fundamental observations
    on the role of microorganisms in
    performing _______________
    involving sulfur, iron and their
    compounds
A

biogeochemical

60
Q

the oxidation of
inorganic compounds linked to energy conservation

A

chemolithotropy

61
Q

suggested replacing gelatin with agar

A

In 1882 by Angelina Fannie Hesse

62
Q

Agar is a
_____________ derived from ______________, and proved to be a superior gelling agent

A
  • polysaccharide
  • red seaweeds
63
Q

Temperature that agar melts

A

85°C

64
Q

until what temperature that gel does become ‘gel’

A

32°C-42°C

65
Q

The use of
agar allows the creation of a medium that can be
inoculated at ____°C

A

40°C

66
Q

its cooled molten state and yet
incubated at __°C without melting.

A

60°C

67
Q

Discovered Petri dish

A

Julius Richard Petri

68
Q

-military physician
-assistant to R. Koch in the
Imperial Health Office (Berlin) in
the 1880’s
-developed Petri dish from
suggestion of a co-worker (Fanny
Hesse who discovered agar for
solid media)

A

Julius Richard Petri

69
Q

Who discovered Salvarsan?

A

Paul Ehrlich (1908)

70
Q

Salvarsan
* Discovered by Paul Ehrlich (1908) (1908)
* Arsenic compound that inhibited ________

A
  • syphilis
71
Q

Who discovered Penecillin

A

Alexander Fleming (1928)

72
Q
  • Commercially available in the 1939
A
  • Penicillin
73
Q
  • First sultra-drug by _______ ______ ______ ______ (1935)
  • Also the first drug to be used commercially
A

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk

74
Q
  • First sultra-drug by (1935) Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk
  • Also the first drug to be used commercially
A

Prontosil

75
Q

________________ and ____________ (1944)
* Second antibiotic

A

Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz (1944)

76
Q
  • Second antibiotic
  • Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz (1944)
A

Streptomycin

77
Q

-the study of the total set of DNA and comparative analysis of the genes of different organisms.

A

Genomics

78
Q

-the study of total set of Proteins (protein expression) in cell

A

Proteomics

79
Q

study of the total set of Metabolites in a cell or tissue or organism

A

Metabolomics

80
Q

study of total set of RNAs in a cell, tissue, or organism

A

Transcriptomics

81
Q

-study of entire genetic material recovered directly from an environmental sample

A

Metagenomics

82
Q

the study of bacteria.

A

Bacteriology

83
Q

the branch of botany concerned with seaweeds and other algae.

A

phycology

84
Q

the study of fungi

A

mycology

85
Q

the branch of science that deals with the study of viruses.

A

Virology

86
Q

the branch of biology or medicine concerned with the study of parasitic organisms

A

Parasitology

87
Q

the study of protozoans

A

Protozoology

88
Q

Produce methane

A

Methanogens

Z BIO103- Microbiology (8 decks)

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