introduction Flashcards
A branch of natural science which deals with the study of animal diseases
veterinary pathology
A branch of pathology which deals with diseases at cellular and tissue levels.
General Pathology
essential topics with regards to tissue abnormalities
histopathology
study of tissue responses to any insults & injuries
Pathology
deals with diseases at cellular & tissue levels
General Pathology
deals with diseases
Systemic or Special Pathology
deals with diseases associated with nutrient deficiencies & excesses
Nutritional Pathology
state of ill health
disease
state of normal functioning of body
structures in relation to homeostasis
as discussed in physiology.
health
disease due to disturbance in
body fluids
humoral pathology
disease due to disturbance in cells of tissues
cellular pathology
father of modern pathology &
CELLULAR PATHOLOGY and author of “Doctrine on
Continuity of Cellular Life
Rudolf Virchow
father of HUMAN MEDICINE and HUMORAL PATHOLOGY
Hippocrates
According to Hippocrates humoral pathology:
cold is associated with what body fluid
phlegm
According to Hippocrates’ humoral pathology:
moisture is associated with what body fluid
Blood
According to Hippocrates humoral pathology:
heat is associated with what body fluid
yellow bile
According to Hippocrates humoral pathology:
dryness is associated with what body fluid
black bile
significant contribution in PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
Giovanni Morgagni
1st TISSUE PATHOLOGIST as he observed the behavior of tissues
in chemicals.
Xavier Bichat
He was 1st to introduce the procedures of NECROPSY TECHNIQUES
Carl Rokitanski
proponent of the four(4) cardinal signs of inflammation
Aulus Cornelius Celsus
Author of the PROCESS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS (cellular eating)
Elie Metchnikoft
Discovered the process of BLOOD CIRCULATION
William Harvey
postulated the cellular theory of life
Theodore Schwann and Matthias
Schleiden
invented the first microscope
Hans and Zacharias Janssen of
Holland
first to observe specimen using the microscope
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What were the specimens observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- Prozoans
- Bacteria
- Red Blood Cell
- Spermatozoa
EARLY CONCEPTS OF DISEASE:
Due to Evil Spirits
Theory of Demons
EARLY CONCEPTS OF DISEASE:
Punishment from God
Divine Wrath Theory
EARLY CONCEPTS OF DISEASE:
Due to the position of celestial bodies: sun, moon, stars, earth and other planets
Metaphysical Medicine
EARLY CONCEPTS OF DISEASE:
suggests that disease are due to disturbances in fluids by 4 element of life
Universe of Natural Law
What are the 4 elements of Life
Water, Fire, Air, Earth
Theory of disease that implies that disease if caused by having close contact with infectious animal
Theory of contagion
Disease is an interaction between? (disease triangle)
Agent(virus, bacteria, etc), Host, Environment
give at least five(5) extrinsic factors of environment
soil
water
air
sunlight
weather
season
climate
method of husbandry
atmospheric condition in one(1) day
weather
prevailing weather in month(s)
season
weather(s) in a year
climate
Mode on transmission between animals that has come in close contact with each other
Horizontal Transmission
Mode of transmission that passes the disease from the mother to its offspring
Vertical Transmission
Type of Vertical transmission passed through the placenta
transplacental
Type of Vertical transmission passed through breast milk
Transcolostral or Transmammary
What are the six(6) portals of entry of pathogenic agents
- intraconjuctival or intraocular (eyes)
- Intranasal (nose)
- Oral (Mouth)
4.Percutaneous (skin)
5.Inoculative(insect bites using syringe type mouths)
6.Sexual or Venereal contact
post – mortem examination of human body
Autopsy
post – mortem examination of animal body
Necropsy
examination of tissue secretions from
living, sick, or diseased animals or
humans
Biopsy
morphogical signs on tissues that can be microscopic or macroscopic
Lesions
functional abnormalities observed by the diagnostician
ex: restlessness
Clinical signs
functional abnormalities felt by the patient
ex: abdominal pain
Symptoms
any cause of disease
ex: physical agents, chemical agents and other lower forms like
parasites, and protozoans
Etiology
process of disease development from the
time of entry of to
manifestation of signs and symptoms to recovery or death
Pathogenesis
possible outcome of disease
Prognosis
Three possible prognosis
full recovery. partial recovery, death
methods and aids used to determine the disease of animals
Diagnosis
type of diagnosis that deals with specific cause of disease
Ex: bacteria, parasite, fungus, or protozoa
Etiologic diagnosis
apparent signs & symptoms of diseases
Clinical Signs
naming of exact dx. Based on
morphologic, etiologic, and clinical
diagnosis
Definitive
refers to patient care and management
to combat diseases and disorder
treatment
2 types of treatment:
Administration of chemotherapeutic
drugs and Surgery interventions
disease control and prevention
Prophylaxis
disease with overt/obvious signs
clinical disease
disease with covert. No signs and symptoms
subclinical disease
Vitamin combination with immune-stimulant properties
water-soluble vitamins and b complex