Cytology and Histology Flashcards
the basic structural and functional unit
of life capable of performing series of
physical and chemical processes
necessary for survival
cell
Collective term for different
substances that make up a cell
protoplasm
Principal fluid medium, constituting
70 to 85% of cell mass
water
Most abundant substance in the cell next to
water, constituting 10 to 20% of cell
mass
protein
2 FORMS OF CELLULAR PROTEINS
globular and structural
most abundant form of lipid in cell
phospholipid and cholesterol
constituting 2% of cell mass are used
to form cell membrane
lipids
storage form of lipid in
fat cells
triglycerides or neutral cells
Have little structural function but
provide most of the nutritional
requirements of cell
carbohydrates
simplest form of carbohydrate for
cellular metabolism
glucose
Storage form of carbohydrate in liver, and skeletal muscle
Glycogen
Provide inorganic chemicals for
cellular toxins
electrolytes
electrolytes that are positively charges
Cations
electrolytes that are negatively charged
Anions
4 Examples on Anions
bicarbonate ion, chloride ion, phosphate ion, sulfate ion
Examples of cations
Sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion
principal cell barrier regulating inflow
and outflow of cytoplasmic substances
Cell wall/ cell membrane
located at the center of the cell and contains genetic materials
nucleus
located in the nucleus. Contains DNA
Chromosomes
located in the nucleus. Contains RNA
nucleolus
Liquid component of nuclues
nuclear sap
Separates nuclear components from
cytoplasmic components
nuclear envelop
Boat-shaped power house of the cell
Mitochondria
cytoplasmic vacuoles in animal cell
Lysosome
contain hydrolase and peroxidase
Lysosome
organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions (oxidase)
Peroxisome
where protein synthesis happens
rough endoplasmic reticulum(granular)
Responsible for lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis within the cell
Agranular or Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proteins produced by granular ER is for ________________ use
outside
Proteins synthesis by _____________________ is for inside use
free ribosomes
Packaging center of the cell
Golgi Complex/apparatus
guides spindle fiber during mitosis and
meiosis
Centriole
are aggregate or group of cell with
similar and coordinated functions
tissue
anchors cells within the tissue
Desmosome
Impermeable junction
Zonula occludens
permeable junction through with communication and exchange can happen
Gap junction
Adhering junction
Zonula adherens
Anchors cell to basement membrane
Hemidesmosome
sheep like tissue with a free surface facing the external
environment or body fluid
epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue present in the lining of blood and
lymph vessels: heart, air sacs of lungs,
pleura, peritoneum
simple squamus
Simple squamous mesothelial
pleural and peritoneum
Simple epithelial tissue present in ducts, glands, gut (stomach and
intestine), part of uterus, small
bronchi
simple columnar
simple epithelial tissue that make up ducts, secretory part of small glands,
retina, kidney tubules, ovaries, testes,
bronchioles
simple cuboidal
present on epidermis of skin
stratified
present on respiratory passage
pseudostratified
epithelium present in therenal calyx, renal pelvis, ureter,
urinary bladder, urethra
transitional
the most abundant and widely
distributed of all tissues in complex
animals that protect and support other tissue
connective tissue
Type of Connective Tissue:fibers and fibroblast secreting fibers
all loosely arrange in a semifluid
ground substance
loose connective tissue
Type of Connective Tissue:
present on skin and also forms protective capsule around
organs that do not stretch much
DENSE IRREGULAR connective tissue
Type of Connective Tissue: typical tissue present in tendon
DENSE REGULAR connective tissue
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBER: long, flexible but not stretchable fiber,
collagen tissue fiber
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBER: contain elastin stretchable fiber but not strong
Elastic connective tissue fiber
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBER:
almost similar to collagen fiber but are
thin and delicate
RETICULAR tissue fiber
Tissue capable of contraction
MUSCULAR TISSUE
TYPE OF SKELETAL TISSUE:
striated AND voluntary muscle attached to bone
skeletal muscle tissue
TYPE OF SKELETAL TISSUE:
striated AND involuntary muscle of mycardium
cardiac muscle tissue
TYPE OF SKELETAL TISSUE:
smooth, non-striated AND involuntary muscle of most organs
smooth muscle tissue
Tissue which exert the greatest control
over the body’s responsiveness to
changing conditions
nervous tissue
means the ability to respond to stimuli
property of irritability
Excitable cells that form
communication lines in most of the
nervous system
Neurons
protect and support neuron structurally
and metabolically
NEUROGLIA
