Introduction 1.3 National Homogeneity and Nationalism

Question 1

Mazower, Weber

Answer 1

The First World War and the collapse of Europe’s old continental empires signalled the triumph not only of democracy but also - and far more enduringly - of nationalism Mazower 1998

Three kinds of state going to war in 1914, 1) Long established (Britain, France) 2) Recently unified (Germany and Italy), 3) multinational (Austria-Hungary, Russia, Ottoman)

Nationalism - In Britain (Scottish, Irish), France- Only really becomes one nation 1871 - 1914 due to roads and railroads, schooling, military service - but Alsace peasants after German annexation joined the German Army in 1914, therefore not French biased (Weber 1976), Germany a federation of 25 states post 1871

Question 2

The Balkan Russia Problem

Answer 2

Hungary (Transleithania) has problem with Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania who all emerged as nation states in the 1870’s

Austria in Cislethania has probems with Czech nationalism though their economic prosperity and industrialisation kept them sedentary though a Czech/German divide was becoming evident

Pogroms (anti Jews) in Russia supposedly due to a false myth about Jewish takeover of Russia

Union of the Russian People 1905, Tsarist extremists against liberalism, capitalist industry and the selfish interests that had emanated from the west.

Question 3

Other Interest Groups

Answer 3

Feminists and Suffragette pressure groups

nationalist Pressure Groups e.g. Flottenverin (German Naval League) , Kolonalgesellschaft (Colonal Association) British Navy League and more extreme Imperial Maritime League

Alldeutscher Verband (Pan-German League) unification of al members of the German Race, a German Dominated Europe and threaded Lebensraum - Living Space

Pan Slavs - Pro Russia but were outmanoeuvred by new large united Slav State Yugoslavia

Question 4

Number of times revised

Answer 4

15/5, 23/5, 5/6