Introduction Flashcards
What is the working definition of vitamins?
- organic compound distinct from macronutrients
- natural component of foods present in minute amounts
- Essential for normal physiological function
- Absence of underutilization causes specific deficiency syndrome
- Not enough is synthesized by host to meet needs
How are vitamins different from macronutrients?
Vitamins are not catabolized to CO2 & H2O to satisfy energy requirements
How are vitamins different from minerals?
Vitamins are organic, minerals are inorganic
What are the 2 classes of vitamins?
- water soluble
- fat soluble
What are the water solube vitamins?
- B vitamins
- Vitamin C
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins
* A
* D
* E
* K
What are the B vitamins?
- B1
- B2
- B3
- B5
- B6
- B7
- B9
- B12
Name for
Vitamin B1
Thiamin
Name for
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
Name for
Vitamin B3
Niacin
Name for
Vitamin B5
Pantothenic Acid
Name for
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine
Name for
Vitamin B7
Biotin
Name for
Vitamin B9
Folate/ Folic Acid
Name for
Vitamin B12
Cobalamin
Name for
Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
What are the main elements contained in CHO, PRO, FAT, and vitamins?
- hydrogen
- carbon
- nitrogen
- oxygen
- phosphorous
- sulfur
What are the essential trace elements needed in the diet?
- sodium (Na)
- potassium (K)
- magnesium (Mg)
- calcium (Ca)
- manganese (Mn)
- iron (Fe)
- cobalt (Co)
- copper (Cu)
- zinc (Zn)
- chloride (Cl)
- selenium (Se)
- Chromium (Cr)
- iodine (I)
- molybdenum (Mo)
- phosphorous
What are the electrolytes?
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
What are the micronutrients, not vitamins, to be covered in 302?
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
- calcium
- phosphorous
- magnesium
- iodine
- zinc
- copper
- manganese
- chromium
- selenium
How are the elements classified?
- macro elements
- micro (trace) elements
- ultra trace elements
Describe the macro elements
Elements that are required at levels >100mg per day (by adults).
* Examples include: Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and Chloride.
Describe the micro elements
Elements that are required at levels between 100 and 1mg per day (by adults).
* Examples include: Iron, Zinc, Manganese, copper and fluorine (not covered).
Describe the ultra trace elements
Elements that are required at levels less than <1mg per day (by adults).
* Examples included: Selenium, Iodine, Chromium,