Introduction Flashcards
Action of drugs in the body is called?
Pharmacodynamics
Fate of drugs in the body is called?
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacy
Science of preparation of drugs
Undersirable effect of drugs on biological processes
Toxicology
Therapeutics
Treatment of disease
The site of action of a drug is a macromolecular protein called? And located where?
Receptor, target tissue
Most drug effects are permanent. T/F
False
Most drug effects are ———- because the body has systems for ———-, ———-, ————….. This process is known as?
Temporary, metabolism, detoxification, elimination… Pharmacokinetics
List the parenteral ways of drug administration
Intravenous/intramuscular
Inhalation(lungs)
Lingual/sublingual
Nasal/otic/ophthalmic
Apical-slowly absorbed(Skin)
Vaginal- vagina
Rectal-rectum
Intrathecal-Spinalcord
Intracaevenous-injected in penis
Intraamniotic-injected in sac containing fetus
Drugs absorbed enterally must be absorbed from? Into where?
GIT, Portal circulation
Drugs absorbed via portal circulation must first pass through where?
Liver
What is the primary site for drug metabolism
Liver
Some drugs maybe metabolized before reaching———-
Systemic circulation/blood
First class metabolism increases bioavailability to more than 100%. T/F
False
How are drugs metabolized?
Mostly active to inactive
IA(prodrug) to Active metabolite
Active drug to “
Active drug to toxic metabolite
Only the active drug produce activity. T/F
True
Drugs absorbed from the skin, sublingual, lungs, muscle, inhalational, vaginal goes directly through?
Systemic circulation bypassing portal circulation
Drugs injected directly into the blood stream e.g intravenous injection is rarely available for distribution to tissues. T/F
False. It is 100% available
Alll forms of drug administration is 100% available for distribution to tissues. T/F
False!! Only drugs injected directly to the blood stream
Blood exists in how many forms in the blood stream?
Two forms
What are the two forms in which drugs exist?
1)Free form dissolved in plasma water
2)Reversibly bound to plasma proteins which account for a total of 95-98 of the total form
Free drug traverses——— to interact with ———— to produce effects
Cell membrane, receptors pharmacodynamically
A drug is a substance or product that is used or intended to be used to ———- and ———- the ———— system and ———— state for the benefit of the ————-
Modify, explore, physiological system, pathological state, recipient
Drug categories
Prescription drugs
OTC
Pharmacology is the study of ——-, ——-, ———, ——— of drugs
Action, mechanisms, uses, adverse effects
—————- is the basis for much of the research and development of new drugs
Pharmacology
Cellular and chemical abnormalities of diseases are studied in the expectation that molecules may be——— ————- to correct the ——-
Designed specifically, abnormality
What are the sources of drugs
Plants, Animals, Minerals, Synthetics, genetically engineered
Examples of drug sources?
Digitalis, iodine, cenestin
Example of animal sources
Premarin
Examples of genetically engineered pharmaceutical drug sources?
Humulin
Activase
Nutropin
Pulmozyme
Majority of drugs bind to specific receptors on —— or ——
The surface of the cell((membrane protein, gated channels
Interior of the cell(Ribosome-antibiotics)
Study of drugs in humans is called?
Clinical pharmacology
The study of how a persons genes affects how they respond to drugs is known as?
Pharmacogenetics
What is defined as the scientific study of materials used by ethnic and cultural groups?
Ethnopharmacology
The study of adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms is called?
Toxicology
The study of the utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people is called?
Pharmacoepidemiology
The study of the properties of drugs and all the aspect of their interaction with living organisms is Known as?
Animal pharmacology
A branch of pharmacology that deals with drug acting on the immune system is known as
Immunopharmacology
A treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells either by killing the cells or stopping them from dividing is called?
Chemotherapy
A branch of economics that uses cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, cost-minimization, cost-of-illness and cost-utility analyses to compare pharmaceutical products and treatment strategies is called?
Pharmacoeconomics
A Branch of pharmacology dealing with the comparison of one drug to another belonging to the same or another group is known as
Comparative pharmacology
the branch of pharmacology that deals with the action of drugs on the nervous system is called?
Neuropharmacology
The scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, behavior, judgment and evaluation, and memory is called?
Psychopharmacology
The pharmacology that focuses on the fundamental mechanisms of cardiovascular cells and how drugs influence the heart and vascular system is known as?
CV pharmacology
——- refers to the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects and other drug-related safety problems.
Pharmacovigilance
