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Pharmacology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Action of drugs in the body is called?

A

Pharmacodynamics

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2
Q

Fate of drugs in the body is called?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

Pharmacy

A

Science of preparation of drugs

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4
Q

Undersirable effect of drugs on biological processes

A

Toxicology

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5
Q

Therapeutics

A

Treatment of disease

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6
Q

The site of action of a drug is a macromolecular protein called? And located where?

A

Receptor, target tissue

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7
Q

Most drug effects are permanent. T/F

A

False

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8
Q

Most drug effects are ———- because the body has systems for ———-, ———-, ————….. This process is known as?

A

Temporary, metabolism, detoxification, elimination… Pharmacokinetics

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9
Q

List the parenteral ways of drug administration

A

Intravenous/intramuscular
Inhalation(lungs)
Lingual/sublingual
Nasal/otic/ophthalmic
Apical-slowly absorbed(Skin)
Vaginal- vagina
Rectal-rectum
Intrathecal-Spinalcord
Intracaevenous-injected in penis
Intraamniotic-injected in sac containing fetus

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10
Q

Drugs absorbed enterally must be absorbed from? Into where?

A

GIT, Portal circulation

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11
Q

Drugs absorbed via portal circulation must first pass through where?

A

Liver

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12
Q

What is the primary site for drug metabolism

A

Liver

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13
Q

Some drugs maybe metabolized before reaching———-

A

Systemic circulation/blood

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14
Q

First class metabolism increases bioavailability to more than 100%. T/F

A

False

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15
Q

How are drugs metabolized?

A

Mostly active to inactive
IA(prodrug) to Active metabolite
Active drug to “
Active drug to toxic metabolite

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16
Q

Only the active drug produce activity. T/F

A

True

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17
Q

Drugs absorbed from the skin, sublingual, lungs, muscle, inhalational, vaginal goes directly through?

A

Systemic circulation bypassing portal circulation

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18
Q

Drugs injected directly into the blood stream e.g intravenous injection is rarely available for distribution to tissues. T/F

A

False. It is 100% available

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19
Q

Alll forms of drug administration is 100% available for distribution to tissues. T/F

A

False!! Only drugs injected directly to the blood stream

20
Q

Blood exists in how many forms in the blood stream?

A

Two forms

21
Q

What are the two forms in which drugs exist?

A

1)Free form dissolved in plasma water
2)Reversibly bound to plasma proteins which account for a total of 95-98 of the total form

22
Q

Free drug traverses——— to interact with ———— to produce effects

A

Cell membrane, receptors pharmacodynamically

23
Q

A drug is a substance or product that is used or intended to be used to ———- and ———- the ———— system and ———— state for the benefit of the ————-

A

Modify, explore, physiological system, pathological state, recipient

24
Q

Drug categories

A

Prescription drugs
OTC

25
Q

Pharmacology is the study of ——-, ——-, ———, ——— of drugs

A

Action, mechanisms, uses, adverse effects

26
Q

—————- is the basis for much of the research and development of new drugs

A

Pharmacology

27
Q

Cellular and chemical abnormalities of diseases are studied in the expectation that molecules may be——— ————- to correct the ——-

A

Designed specifically, abnormality

28
Q

What are the sources of drugs

A

Plants, Animals, Minerals, Synthetics, genetically engineered

29
Q

Examples of drug sources?

A

Digitalis, iodine, cenestin

30
Q

Example of animal sources

A

Premarin

31
Q

Examples of genetically engineered pharmaceutical drug sources?

A

Humulin
Activase
Nutropin
Pulmozyme

32
Q

Majority of drugs bind to specific receptors on —— or ——

A

The surface of the cell((membrane protein, gated channels

Interior of the cell(Ribosome-antibiotics)

33
Q

Study of drugs in humans is called?

A

Clinical pharmacology

34
Q

The study of how a persons genes affects how they respond to drugs is known as?

A

Pharmacogenetics

35
Q

What is defined as the scientific study of materials used by ethnic and cultural groups?

A

Ethnopharmacology

36
Q

The study of adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms is called?

A

Toxicology

37
Q

The study of the utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people is called?

A

Pharmacoepidemiology

38
Q

The study of the properties of drugs and all the aspect of their interaction with living organisms is Known as?

A

Animal pharmacology

39
Q

A branch of pharmacology that deals with drug acting on the immune system is known as

A

Immunopharmacology

40
Q

A treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells either by killing the cells or stopping them from dividing is called?

A

Chemotherapy

41
Q

A branch of economics that uses cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, cost-minimization, cost-of-illness and cost-utility analyses to compare pharmaceutical products and treatment strategies is called?

A

Pharmacoeconomics

42
Q

A Branch of pharmacology dealing with the comparison of one drug to another belonging to the same or another group is known as

A

Comparative pharmacology

43
Q

the branch of pharmacology that deals with the action of drugs on the nervous system is called?

A

Neuropharmacology

44
Q

The scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, behavior, judgment and evaluation, and memory is called?

A

Psychopharmacology

45
Q

The pharmacology that focuses on the fundamental mechanisms of cardiovascular cells and how drugs influence the heart and vascular system is known as?

A

CV pharmacology

46
Q

——- refers to the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects and other drug-related safety problems.

A

Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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