Introduction

Question 1

in a typical research cycle, what is the first step of the scientific method?

Answer 1

developing a research idea

Question 2

in a typical research cycle, what is the second step of the scientific method?

Answer 2

formulating a testable hypothesis

Question 3

in a typical research cycle, what is the third step of the scientific method?

Answer 3

reviewing relevant literature

Question 4

in a typical research cycle, what is the fourth step of the scientific method?

Answer 4

conducting preliminary research

Question 5

in a typical research cycle, what is the fifth step of the scientific method?

Answer 5

designing the project

Question 6

in a typical research cycle, what is the sixth step of the scientific method?

Answer 6

collecting data

Question 7

in a typical research cycle, what is the seventh step of the scientific method?

Answer 7

analysing results statistically

Question 8

in a typical research cycle, what is the eighth step of the scientific method?

Answer 8

interpreting data

Question 9

in a typical research cycle, what is the ninth step of the scientific method?

Answer 9

writing a report

Question 10

what does science involve?

Answer 10

forming and testing hypotheses, which are derived from theories

Question 11

problems with scientific research

Answer 11

• research may be biased (MMR vaccine and autism)
• may breach ethical practice
• confounding variables

Question 12

what is reactivity?

Answer 12

the adjustment of behaviour to knowledge about the study

Question 13

how can reactivity effects be avoided?

Answer 13

using single-blind and double-blind studies, and using a placebo to ensure equality across study groups

Question 14

what is the clever hans study proof of?

Answer 14

confounding variables, as hans responded to physical cues rather than language.

it shows how research can be biased, and the importance of double-blind studies due to researcher bias