Introduction

Question 1

Why do we make memory errors?

Answer 1

• Human memory is malleable.
• Therefore, memory is fallible.
• Memory can be altered and influenced by what people tell us, what we see, and information we integrate from elsewhere.

Question 2

Why are memory errors a problem?

Answer 2

• One of the most common pieces of evidence used in court.
• ## The jury generally believe memory is accurate.

Question 3

What is Criminology?

Answer 3

Application of psychological theory and method to understand (and reduce) criminal behaviour through interventions.
- focuses on the causes of crime and criminals.

Question 4

Genetic aspect to criminal behaviour.

Answer 4

Evidence suggests that monozygotic twins were concordant for criminal behaviour (52%) compared to dizygotic twins (22%).

Question 5

Environmental aspect of criminal behaviour.

Answer 5

• Poor upbringing.
• coercive parent-child relationships.
• absence of positive and affectionate attachment bonds between parent and child.
• neglect, inconsistent parenting and severity of punishments.

Question 6

What is a crime?

Answer 6

• An unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.

- An act or omission of an act that violates the law and is punishable by the state.

Question 7

Offenders’ mental health.

Answer 7

• 70% of those in prison have mental health problems.
• over 30% of prisoners are incarcerated for drug-related offences.
• 29% of robbery victims believed their attacker to be under the influence of drugs.