Introduction Flashcards
What is an djustment reaction?
States of subjective distress and emotional disturbance, usually interfering with social functioning and performance, arising in the period of adaptation to a significant life change or a stressful life event.
The manifestations vary and include depressed mood, anxiety or worry (or mixture of these), a feeling of inability to cope, plan ahead, or continue in the present situation, as well as some degree of disability in the performance of daily routine.
What is:
States of subjective distress and emotional disturbance, usually interfering with social functioning and performance, arising in the period of adaptation to a significant life change or a stressful life event.
The manifestations vary and include depressed mood, anxiety or worry (or mixture of these), a feeling of inability to cope, plan ahead, or continue in the present situation, as well as some degree of disability in the performance of daily routine.
Adjustment reaction
What is organic delusional disorder?
A disorder in which persistent or recurrent delusions dominate the clinical picture.
The delusions may be accompanied by hallucinations.
Some features suggestive of schizophrenia, such as bizarre hallucinations or thought disorder, may be present.
What is:
A disorder in which persistent or recurrent delusions dominate the clinical picture.
The delusions may be accompanied by hallucinations.
Some features suggestive of schizophrenia, such as bizarre hallucinations or thought disorder, may be present.
Organic delusional disorder
What are the common delusional themes in post-stroke psychosis?
- Persecutory
- Jealousy
- Environment
What hemisphere are post-stroke psychosis more common in?
Right hemisphere stokes
In what ways can physical illness cause mental illness?
- Physical illness associated with mental health symptoms
2. Physical illness causing discrete mental illness
In what ways can mental illness cause physical illness?
- Diet and exercise
- Smoking, alcohol and rugs
- Medication
What factors may affect timely diagnosis of physical disorders in people with mental illness?
- Illness behaviour
- Diagnostic overshadowing
- Stigma
- Lack of resources
What is delirium?
Organic cerebral syndrome characterized by concurrent disturbances of consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behaviour, emotion, and the sleep-wake schedule.
The duration is variable and the degree of severity ranges from mild to very severe.
What is:
Organic cerebral syndrome characterized by concurrent disturbances of consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behaviour, emotion, and the sleep-wake schedule.
The duration is variable and the degree of severity ranges from mild to very severe.
Delirium
What are the two types of deliruim?
- Hypoactive
2. Hyperactive
What is the MoCA?
Montreal Cognitive Assesment
What are the causes of delirium?
- Infection (Urine, pneumonia, cellulitis, wound etc)
- Change in environment (ITU, HDU, ward)
- Medication (opiates, anticholinergics, steroids)
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Surgery
- Pain
- Liver/renal impairment
- Hypoxia
- Hyponatremia
- Stroke
- Encephalitis
- Constipation
- Urine retention
- Dehydration
What are the predisposing factors for delirium?
- Advanced age
- Dementia (often undetected)
- Impaired activities of daily living
- Immobility
- Sensory impairment
- Urinary catheterization
- Malnutrition
- Alcohol
- Depression
What is the management for delirium?
- Anticipate
- Modify risk factors if possible
- Early diagnosis
- Treat the causes
- Good nursing
- Single room, well lit, familiar staff/family (in an ideal world)
- Medication
- Wait!
What is stigma?
Stigma refers to challenges faced by people with mental illness related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of people they meet.
What are some examples of stigma?
Poor understanding of mental health
Negative attitude
Social exclusion
What are the types of stigma?
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Structural
What are some examples of intrapersonal stigma?
- Direct effect on the individual
- Internalised discrimination
- Compounded by direct effects of illness
What are some examples of interpersonal stigma?
- Family
- Friends
- Colleagues
What are some examples of structural stigma?
- Poor resources and funding
- Access to physical health care
