Intro Y11 - Excretory And Endocrine System

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

The process of eliminating or expelling waste matter

Question 2

Organs of excretory system

Answer 2

x2 kidneys
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

Question 3

Kidney

Answer 3

Filters waste from the blood and regulates water balance
Blood enters through the renal artery which then branches into smaller blood vessels

Question 4

Nephron

Answer 4

Microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney

Question 5

Components of a nephron

Answer 5

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tuble
Loop of Henley
Distal convoluted tuble

Question 6

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 6

To filter the blood

Question 7

Proximal convoluted tuble

Answer 7

Reabsorption of glucose, ions and amino acids

Question 8

Loop of henle

Answer 8

Reabsorption of water
The ascending limb pumps ions out of the tuble into the surrounding tissue this makes the tissue around the descending limb highly concentrated, so water exits

Question 9

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

Selective Reabsorption of water

Question 10

Ureter

Answer 10

A duct that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 11

Bladder

Answer 11

A storage organ for urine

Question 12

Urethra

Answer 12

Carries urine out of the body

Question 13

Small volume and dark coloured urine indicates

Answer 13

High concentrated urine and water has been retained by the body due to dehydration

Question 14

Dehydrated

Answer 14

Body needs to retain water > more water reabsorbed by distal convoluted tubule > smaller volume of urine and more concentrated
Vice versa

Question 15

Endocrine system

Answer 15

A network of glands in animals that secrete hormones into the blood to travel nearby/ distant target cells

Question 16

Gland

Answer 16

A group of cells which secrete the hormones into

Question 17

Hormone

Answer 17

A chemical signalling molecule secreted directly into the bloodstream by a gland which travels to a target cell

Question 18

Receptors

Answer 18

Target cells which have a specific and complimentary receptors for the hormone
This is why certain cells respond to certain hormones

Question 19

Hypothalamus (gland)

Answer 19

An a=organ of the endocrine system which regulates hormones, coordinates activity of the pituitary and regulates processes to maintain homeostasis

Question 20

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 20

Made in hypothalamus and stored in pituitary gland
Causes kidneys to release less water > decreases amount of urine produced
Acts on distal convoluted tubule causing Reabsorption of water into the bloodstream

Question 21

Pancreas (gland)

Answer 21

An organ of the endocrine system that releases hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

Question 22

Glucose regulation

Answer 22

Regulated by negative feedback loop
Controlled by x2 hormones: insulin and glucagon

Glucose. >insulin > glycogen

Glycogen > glycogen > glucose

Question 23

Insulin

Answer 23

Released by beta cells in the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels
Increases the uptake of glucose into body cells
Stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen
Lowers blood glucose levels

Question 24

Glucagon

Answer 24

Released by alpha cells in the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels Increases
Stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose
Increases blood glucose levels

Question 25

What are the macromolecules?

Answer 25

Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates