Immunology

Question 1

How do prions cause disease?

Answer 1

Bursting out of brain tissue causing holes

Question 2

Lysozymes

Answer 2

Enzymes which break down bacterial cell walls

Question 3

Oils (chemical barriers)

Answer 3

Contains anti fungal and antibacterial properties
Leaves strong smells

Question 4

Circulatory system

Answer 4

Closed circuit - blood always contained in the vessels
Components - heart,vessels,blood vessels

Question 5

Function of the circulatory system

Answer 5

Transport nutrients and remove waste from the body via blood
Transport white blood cells around the body

Question 6

Blood

Answer 6

Components- plasma, RBC,WBC= immune system,platelets

Question 7

Where are WBC made?

Answer 7

Bone marrow = part of lymphatic system

Question 8

Lymphatic system

Answer 8

Open circuit
Components - bone marrow, thymus = maturation of T cells, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, WBC

Question 9

Function of lymphatic system

Answer 9

Transport fluid back to circulatory system
Samples fluid for detection of pathogens

Question 10

Valves

Answer 10

Prevent backflow of fluid so that lymph moves in one direction

Question 11

Why NKC?

Answer 11

Virus inside host cell too big for phagocyte > NKC used

Question 12

Leukocyte

Answer 12

general term for all WBC

Question 13

Lymphocyte

Answer 13

specific type of WBC involved in the adaptive (specific) immune response

Question 14

B Cells (lymphocyte)

Answer 14

contains a specific type of antibody on their surface and also recognise non-self antigen on pathogen

Question 15

what are antibodies?

Answer 15

protein

Question 16

Prevent viruses binding to receptors that allow them to enter cells.

Answer 16

if viruses cant enter the cells they cant replicate and destroy the host cell

Question 17

Inhibit viral enzymes involved in viral replication

Answer 17

they cant replicate their DNA they cant make new viruses and they cant destroy host cell

Question 18

Block transcription and translation of viral proteins.

Answer 18

they cant make new protein coats they cant make new viruses and they cant destroy the host cell

Question 19

Prevent viruses from leaving host cells

Answer 19

prevents from leaving the host cells

Question 20

example of natural active

Answer 20

infected with a pathogen

Question 21

example of natural passive

Answer 21

breast milk
placenta transfer

Question 22

example artificial active

Answer 22

vaccination

Question 23

example artificial passive

Answer 23

antivenom

Question 24

blood type scaffold

Answer 24

Because blood type ______ has A/B/AB/NO antigens
Then the _____ antigens will/will not be recognised as non-self
Therefore, it will/will not initiate a immune response

Question 25

Secondary infection in adaptive immune response

Answer 25

B memory cells recognise the same non-self antigen on the pathogen, they release chemicals to activate the B cells
B cells also recognise non-self antigen of pathogen
B cells divide by mitosis into B memory cells and plasma cells
The plasma cells secrete specific and complimentary, free-floating antibodies
More B memory cells remain in circulation

Question 26

Vasodilation

Answer 26

Widening of blood vessels
Which lead to increase blood flow