DNA Flashcards
Polymers
Are long chains made from many repeating monomers
Nucleic acids
Type of polymer made up of many repeating nucleotide monomers
DNA and RNA are types of nucleic acids
What are the bonds between the nucleotides?
Polymerisation bonds
What are the nitrogenous bases held together by?
Hydrogen bonds
Adenine + thymine = 2 hydrogen bonds
Guanine + Cytosine = 3 hydrogen bonds
Explain why RNA is considered a polymer?
Because a polymer is made up of many repeating monomers then as RNA is made from nucleotide monomers it if therefore a polymer
Describe the direction of DNA strands?
Antiparallel this means that the two DNA strands run in opposite directions, one 3’ to 5’ and one 5’ to 3’
Why does DNA need to replicate?
So cell division can occur for either gamete production or growth, repair, replacement
RNA polymerase
Copies the DNA template strand into pre-mRNA via complementary base pairings
Why is a 5’ methyl G cap and 3 ploy-A-tail added?
To prevent enzyme degradation
Where do the free nucleotides come from?
Bloodstream
Degenerate
Multiple codons , same amino acid
Number of amino acids/ bases formula
Amino acid x3 to base
Base to amino acid divide 3
Why add a 5’ methyl G cap and 3’ poly-A-tail?
To prevent mRNA from being degraded by enzymes in the cytosol
Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
Cytosol
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
