Intro Veterinary Immunology Flashcards
what are the ways of “immunity” available to the body
- physical barriers and mechanisms
- Innate Immunity
- Acquire Immunity
- Passive Immunity
are the divisions of the innate immune system
cellular innate & humoral innate
what are the functions of the cellular innate immune system
detect / eat / kill invaders
kill virus infected cells
what is the function of humoral innate immune system
bind & kill invaders
coat invaders for ID
block microbial growth and prevent spread
mobilize body defenses
which part of the innate immune system are macrophages, neutrophils and NK cells a part of
cellular innate
why are macrophages, neutrophils and NK cells apart of the cellular innate system
- main function of phagocytosis
- not a soluble factor of the innate immune system
what part of the innate immune system uses molecules
humoral innate
what cells are responsible to ID/ kill microbes and have surface receptors to bind to molecules
Neutrophils & Macrophages
what are the main cells of the innate immune system responsible for carrying and ID’ing microbes
dendritic cells
what is the function of Natural Killer cells
kill infected Host cell and Host tumor cells
what are 3 main characteristics of the innate immune system
- responds quickly
- always ready
- lacks memory
what is a main response of the body from the activity of the innate immune system
inflammation
what would happen to the body if the innate immune system would never activate
die from overwhelming infection
what are the main 3 characteristics of the acquired immune system
- recognize invaders with specificity
- destroy microbes
- MEMORY
how long does it take for the acquired immune system to generate a response
~weeks
because of the differences in time responses, which immunity is most likely to ‘get the ball rolling’ and start an immune response
innate immunity
what are 2 main functions of the acquired immune system
- generation of specific lymphocytes
- distinguish self from non-self
what type of lymphocytes are generated during an acquired immune response
specific for molecular recognition of specific foreign invaders
what is the driving force of the acquired immune system
antigens
what become recognized and stimulate the generation of lymphocytes
antigens
how do lymphocytes respond to antigens in the acquired immune system
with specificity
what cells are part of the humoral innate system
cytokines
complement proteins
enzymes
what is the main player (cell) in the acquired humoral immune system
B-lymphocytes
what is the function of B-lymphocytes
antibody
in what immune system do the antibodies target invaders that are outside of cells
acquired
humoral immunity
what immune system would be activated in case of an extracellular bacteria (virus before entering cell)
acquired
humoral immunity
what cell would be used to activate the immune system in the presence of a virus before it gets into the cell
B-lymphocyte
what is the main cell used in the acquired cell-mediated immunity
T-lymphocytes
what is CMI
cell-mediated immunity
what targets host cells that are infected intracellularly
T-lymphocytes
what is used to activate the innate immunity
common microbial structures
what is used to activate the adaptive immunity
unique antigens
(highly specific)
which immune system has a presence of cells with limited number of preformed (generic) receptors
innate
what is the purpose of the adaptive/acquired immune system
generate B & T lymphocytes to express unique receptors
when is innate immunity present
always
when is acquired immunity activated
induced by antigen presence
what immunity is acquired from one animal that is naturally or artificially given to another animal
passive immunity
