Acquired / Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
how does antigen drive the acquired immune response
stimulating antigen-specific B & T lymphocytes
what are the essential components of the acquired immune response
- Antigen
- APCs
- Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules
- B & T lymphocytes
what must happen to an antigen before it can trigger the adaptive immune response
captured, processed and presented by APC to T- Helper Cell
what does the THC do after an antigen has been presented to it
stimulate T and B cells
what is the result of stimulating B & T Cells in the adaptive immune system
- antibody production (humoral immunity)
- cytotoxic cells
because B & T cells started producing antibodies and activating cytotoxic cells, what can occur?
elimination of antigen/ pathogen
what could be used as an antigen
- part of a microbe
- antigen in a vaccine
which type of foreign material will be presented using the MHC-II complex
extracellular
which type of foreign material will be presented using the MHC-I complex
intracellular
True or False:
The acquired immune system can recognize and respond to billions of foreign molecular structures
true
what is capable of inducing a specific immune response under appropriate conditions
antigen
what will recognize the antigen that induced a specific response
- specific antibody
- specific T Cells
B cells + antigen + effector B cells + antibody production =
humoral immune response
T cells + antigen + effector T cells =
cytotoxic T cells
what kind of antibody and T-cells are generated from an antigen response
specific to the response
what does antigen drive B cells to do
make antibody specific to the antigen that stimulated the B cell
what does the antigen drive the TCell Receptor to do
proliferation of antigen-specific T cells
what does the antigen drive the B cell receptors to do
proliferation of antigen-specific B cells
what are not a product of the acquired immune response but are essential for antigen presentation
MHC molecules
what is antigenicity
the ability of an antigen to bind with immune components
what is immunogenicity
the ability of antigen to induce immune response
what in general are poor immunogens
lipids and nucleic acids
what are exceptions to “lipids/ nucleic acids are poor immunogens”
- prokaryotic nucleic acids
- bacterial LPS
- bacteria with capsular coatings
what are the properties of a good immunogen
- stability
- foreignness (not self)
what is the portion of the immunogenic molecule which actually binds with antibody or TCR/BCR
epitopes
True or False:
Each different epitope will be recognized by different antibody, BCR and/or TCR
true
what can cause an epitope to lose immunogenicity
structural changes due to denaturing or degradation
True or False:
Identical or similar epitopes may sometimes be found on apparently unrelated molecules
true
because of the similar epitopes, what is the consequence
unexpected reactions with an unrelated antigen
what is the name of the reaction caused from similar epitopes
cross-reactivity
what could cause an autoimmune response
microbial epitopes being similar to an animal’s own tissue epitopes
(this would result in the body attacking its own tissues)
what are natural antibodies
antibodies against foreign antibodies without any known previous infection, vaccination or exposure
