Intro to WBC disorders Flashcards
Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils all come from what type of blast?
Myeloblast
What three cell lines result from myeloid blasts?
Eyrthroid precursor, megakaryocyte, myeloblast
What areas are white blood cells distributed in?
Bone Marrow, Peripheral blood (granulocytes/monocytes/lymphocytes)
Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, Peyer Patches
MALT–in lung and GI tract
Benign Leukocyte disorders are NOT neoplastic thus not:
Clonal
In benign leukocyte disorders, we see Qualitative and Quantitative disorders…
What types of quantitative disorders do we see?
Increased: cytoses
Decrease: cytopenias
Normal range for WBCs
4,000 to 10,000
Reference range for :
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils = 1,500 – 6,000
Lymphocytes = 1,000 – 3,500
Monocytes = 100 – 600
Reference range for:
Eosinophils
Basophils
Eosinophils = 0 – 450
Basophils = 0 – 200
NOT leukemia (benign, exaggeratedresponse to infection)
Absolute leukocyte count > 50,000/mL
May involve neutrophils, lymphocytes oreosinophils
Leukemoid reaction
Three causes of leukemoid reactions?
Perforating appendicitis (neutrophils)
Whooping cough (lymphocytes)
Cutaneous larva migrans (eosinophils)
Describe leukoerythroblastic reaction
immature bone marrow cells in the PB d/t BM infiltrative disease (such as fibrosis or metestatic breast cancer) or from severe BM stress (such as sepsis or Growth factor)
What defines neutrophilia and when do we see it?
absolute neutrophil count > 7,000
seen in sterile inflammation with necrosis (acute MI)
Infection (like acute appendicitis)
Drugs (steroids or catecholamines, lithium)
What is the pathogeneis of neutrophilia?
Increased production and decreased margination
Define Neutropenia:
Etiology:
Pathogenesis
Absolute neutrophil count: <1,500
Etiology of neutropenia: chemo, aplastic anemia, immune destruction, septic shock
Pathogeneis of neutrophenia: decreased production, increased destruction/margination
Describe Eosinophilia:
Etiotology
Absoulte eosino count >700
Type I hypersensitivity (e.g., bronchialasthma, penicillin allergy, hay fever)
Invasive helminths (e.g., strongiloidiasis, hookworm)
Hypocortisolism (e.g., Addison’s disease)
Neoplasms (e.g., Hodgkin lymphoma)
Pathogenesis of eosinophilia
Increased produciton (induced by interleukins)
Increased tissue rectruitement by chemotactic factors
Describe Basophilia:
Etiology of Basophilia:
absoulte basophil count of >200
Chronic myelogenous leukemia or CML (and otherchronic myeloproliferative neoplasms)
Chronic kidney disease
Proliferation of neoplastic cells, primarily in BM and PB
Leukemia
Proliferation of neoplastic cells, primarily in LNs and extramedullary lymphoid tissue
Lymphoma
Myeloid neoplasms are neoplastic _______ disorders
stem cell
**can involve more then one cell lineage
What are the 4 key WHO classification criteria in Myeloid neoplasms?
Morphology
Immunophenotype
Genetic Features
Clinical features
What are the three types of myeloid neoplasms?
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)