Intro to urology

Question 1

What is the drainage of each testicular vein?

Answer 1

Left- Left renal vein

Right- IVC

Question 2

What are the two types of LUTS?

Answer 2

Storage and obstructive

Question 3

What are storage LUTS?

Answer 3

Day frequency, night frequency, urgency, incontinence

Question 4

What are the four types of incontinence?

Answer 4

Urge, stress, overflow, anatomical

Question 5

What are obstructive LUTS?

Answer 5

Hesistancy, poor stream, terminal dribbling, post-micturition dribbling

Question 6

What is the IPSS?

Answer 6

International Prostate Symptom Score

Question 7

What are the conservative, medical and surgical treatment options for BPH LUTS?

Answer 7

Conservative- Night time fluid restriction, urinating sitting down.
Medical- Alpha blocker (relaxes smooth muscle, tamsulosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (shrinks gland finasteride), anticholinergic.
Surgical- TURP, laser prostatectomy, open prostatectomy

Question 8

What are the 4 types of urinary incontinence?

Answer 8

Stress incontinence due to increased abdominal pressure and weak pelvic floor muscles.
Urge incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles
Overflow incontinence due to blockage of the urethra
Neurogenic incontience due to functional dysfunction of the nervous system supplying the bladder

Question 9

What is the difference between acute and chronic urinary retention?

Answer 9

Acute- painful, residual volume <1L, relieved by catheterisation
Chronic- non-painful, residual volume> 1L, can be low or high pressure