Intro To Urinalysis Flashcards
marked the beginning of laboratory medicine even during the pre-modernization era.
Urinalysis
started methods to analyze
urine (4,000 -6,000 years ago)
Hippocrates
During Hippocrates’ time, it includes observations of ______________ of urine
color, turbidity, odor, volume, viscosity and even sweetness
contains information about many of the body’s major metabolic functions, and this information can be obtained by inexpensive laboratory tests.
Urine
Urinalysis and CBC done by the physicians to identify the sickness of a patient (phase 0)
Screening test
Since urine is a readily available and easily collected specimen, it has been used as a screening specimen for:
- The diagnosis of diseases to man
- The identification of asymptomatic populations for undetected disorders
- For the monitoring of progress of disease and the effectiveness of therapy.
What are the 3p’s in glucose in Diabetes Mellitus or the 4 pathognomonic signs?
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Hyperglycemia
body makes too much urine led to urinate frequently
Polyuria
you eat a lot, feeling of extreme hunger
Polyphagia
excessive thirst
Polydipsia
high level of glucose in the blood
Hyperglycemia
normal glucose level:
70 to 100 mg/dL
Normal fasting glucose
FPG 70-99 mg/dL (3.9 – 5.5 mmol/L)
Impaired fasting glucose
FPG 100-125 mg/dL (5.6– 6.9 mmol/L)
Provisiona l diabetes diagnosis
FPG ≥126 mg/dL
( ≥ 7.0 mmol/L)
_____________ is directly proportional to the specific gravity
viscosity
has the potential to convert glucose to energy, facilitate the movement of glucose in cells, and convert glucose to macromolecules.
Insulin
Within __________ after we eat, normal glucose levels should be normal
2 hours
He wrote a book on uroscopy which served guidelines on the examination of urine through simple specimen inspection.
Hippocrates
laid down the guidelines and omitted how urinalysis should be done.
Uroscopy
regulate our urine volume, color, and concentration.
ADH
Color charts were developed and were used to describe the clinical significance of twenty (20) different urine colors.
1140 AD
had the earliest recognition of proteinuria.
Theophilus
When glucose is present in the urine, it is indicative of _________ problems
pancreatic
When proteins are present, it is indicative of _________ problems.
renal
When bilirubin is present, it is indicative of ___________ problems.
liver
he invented a special flask that is used in the distillation of urine. It had graduations on its sides and was in the form of a human body.
Paracelsus
He wrote a book about charlatans (merchants) or the pisse prophets which inspired the passing of the first medical licensure exam in England.
Thomas Bryant
was invented which led to the examination of urinary sediment and to the development of a method for quantitating microscope sediment.
Microscope
used 40% formalin to preserve urine for 12 hours.
Thomas Addis
used to quantitate epithelial cells, RBCs, WBCs, and casts.
Hemocytometer
used to quantitate epithelial cells, RBCs, WBCs, and casts.
Hemocytometer
12 hour urine sample is also called?
ADDIS COUNT
Hemocytometer quantitates
Casts
RBCs
Epithelial cells
WBCs
He introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of routine patient examination. He was able to examine glomerulonephritis (Bright’s disease).
Richard Bright
He demonstrated the importance of studying urinary sediment and described urinary casts in patients with Bright’s disease. He introduced the integration of chemical tests on urine examination.
Golding Bird
