INTRO TO UA

Question 1

Urine composition

Answer 1

Water (95-97%)

Solids (3-5%)

Question 2

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For routine and qualitative UA

Answer 2

Random/occasional/single

Question 3

TYPE OF URINE SPX

Ideal spx for routine UA and Pregnancy Test (hCG)

Answer 3

1ST MORNING

— most concentrated, acidic; well preservation on cells and casts
— may be used for evaluation of orthostatic proteinuria

Question 4

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For diabetic screening/monitoring

Answer 4

2-HOUR POSTPRANDIAL

Question 5

TYPE OF URINE SPX

May be optional with blood samples in glucose tolerance Test

Answer 5

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

Question 6

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For routine screening and bacterial culture

Answer 6

MIDSTREAM CLEAN CATCH

Question 7

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For bacterial culture

Answer 7

CATHETERIZED

Question 8

TYPE OF URINE SPX

Bladder urine for anaerobic bacterial culture and urine cytology

Answer 8

SUPRAPUBIC ASPIRATION

Question 9

TYPE OF URINE SPX

Use of soft, clear plastic bag with adhesive

Answer 9

PEDIATRIC SPECIMEN

Question 10

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For prostatic infection determination

Answer 10

3 GLASS TECHNIQUE

Question 11

(+) for Prostatic Infectiom

Answer 11

If the number of WBC and bacteria in the 3rd specimen is 10x greater than thane 1st specimen.

*** 2nd specimen = CONTROL

Question 12

TYPE OF URINE SPX

Begins and ends with an empty bladder; requires preservation

Answer 12

24 HOUR URINE

Question 13

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For Addis Count

Answer 13

12 HOUR URINE

Question 14

TYPE OF URINE SPX

Used for nitric determination

Answer 14

4 HOUR

— urine remains in the bladder for at least 4 hours before being collected

Question 15

TYPE OF URINE SPX

For urobilinogen determination

Answer 15

AFTERNOON URINE (2-4PM)

Question 16

The process that provides documentation of proper sample identification from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

Answer 16

CHAIN OF CUSTODY (COC)

Question 17

Required urine volume for drug testing

Answer 17

30-45ml

Question 18

Required urine container volume for drug testing

Answer 18

60ml

Question 19

Temperature of urine within 4 mins for drug testing

Answer 19

32.5—37.7 C

Question 20

This is added to the toilet water reservoir to prevent specimen adulteration

Answer 20

BLUEING AGENT (DYE)

Question 21

Changes in unpreserved urine

Answer 21

INCREASED:
• pH
• Bacteria
• Odor
• Nitrite

DARKENED/MODIFIED:
• Colour

DECREASED
• Clarity
• Glucose
• Ketone
• Bilirubin
• Urobilinogen
• RBC/WBC/Cast
• Trichomonas

Question 22

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Does not interfere with chemical tests; may precipitate amorphous phosphates and urates; prevents bacteria growth for 24 hours

Answer 22

REFRIGERATION

Question 23

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Preserves glucose and sediments well; interferes with acid precipitation test for protein

Answer 23

THYMOL

Question 24

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Preserves protein & formed elements well; keeps pH about 6.0 Bacteriostatic at 18 g/L; can use for culture transport

Answer 24

BORIC ACID

Question 25

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Excellent sediment preservative

Answer 25

FORMALDEHYDE/FORMALIN

Question 26

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Does not interfere with routine tests; floats on a urine surface

Answer 26

TOLUENE

Question 27

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Prevents glycolysis, good preservative for drug analysis; may use sodium benzoate instead of fluoride for reagent strip testing

Answer 27

SODIUM FLUORIDE

Question 28

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Does not interfere with routine tests; causes an odor change

Answer 28

PHENOL

Question 29

URINE PRESERVATIVES

Preserves cellular elements; used for cytology studies (50ml urine)

Answer 29

SACCOMANNO FIXATIVE (50% ethanol + 2% carbowax)