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Host Defense Exam 1 > Intro to the Immune System > Flashcards

Intro to the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are found in the cortex of a lymph node?

A

B Lymphocytes

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2
Q

What do B cells in the cortex do after encountering antigen?

A

They form a germinal center and undergo proliferation

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3
Q

What cells are found in the paracortex of a lymph node?

A

T Lymphocytes

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4
Q

What cells are found in the medulla of a lymph node?

A

APC’s (essentially macrophages)

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5
Q

What are the cells of the myeloid lineage?

A

Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils (PMN’s), Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic cells

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6
Q

What is the main function of eosinophils?

A

Protection against parasites

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7
Q

What is the main function of basophils?

A

Protection against parasites (similar to eosiniphils)

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8
Q

What is the main function of Neutrophils?

A

Short lived, primary phagocytic cell of the innate immune system

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9
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Circulating precursors of tissue macrophages

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10
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

Mononuclear phagocytic cells in the tissue, derived from monocytes, participate in innate and adaptive immunity

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11
Q

What is the function of dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presentation to lymphocytes

Antigen presenting cells

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12
Q

What are the cells of the Lymphoid Lineage?

A

Large lymphocytes: NK cells

Small lymphocytes: B and T cells

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13
Q

What is the function of NK cells?

A

Innate immunity to viruses and tumors

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14
Q

What is the function of B cells?

A

Ab production

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15
Q

What is the function of T cells?

A

Cytokine production

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16
Q

Granulocyte CD?

A

CD15+

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17
Q

Monocyte CD?

A

CD14+

18
Q

Dendritic CD?

A

CD11c+

19
Q

T Lymphocyte CD?

A

All T lymphocytes are CD3+

20
Q

T helper lymphocyte CD?

A

CD3+ CD4+

21
Q

Cytotoxic T lympocyte CD?

A

CD3+ CD8+

22
Q

B lymphocyte CD?

A

CD19+

23
Q

NK cell CD?

A

CD56+

24
Q

What are the proportions of immune cells in the blood?

A

Neutrophils (40-75%) > Lymphocytes (20-50%) > Monocytes (2-10%) > Eosinophils (1-6%) > Basophils (NL-MEB)

25
Q

Where are blood borne pathogens filtered and create an immune response?

A

The spleen

26
Q

The lymph node collects antigen from where?

A

Epithelium and connective tissue

27
Q

What are self antigen (markers of self?)

A

MHC molecules, which in humans are made up of various HLA types

28
Q

What are the HLA types of Class I MHC, and where are they found?

A

MHC type I:

HLA type A, B, C

Found in virtually all tissues

29
Q

What are the HLA types of Class II MHC, and where are they found?

A

MHC type II:

HLA type DP, DQ, DR

Found exclusively in B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and Dendritic cells (These are antigen presenting cells, they carry MHC class II in addition to MHC class I)

30
Q

What are components of the innate immune system?

A

Barriers (skin, tears), Macrophages, Granulocytes, NK cells

31
Q

What are components of the adaptive immune system?

A

T cells (cell-mediated) and B cells (humoral)

32
Q

What is cell mediated immunity, and against what is it directed?

A

killing of cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL’s) and the production of cytokines

directed against infected cells, defective cells, and non-self cells

33
Q

What is humoral immunity and against what is it directed?

A

antibodies produced by immunoglobulin-producing B cells (plasma cells)

directed against cell associated and free floating antigen

34
Q

What do T helper cells secrete when they are activated by antigen, and what does it do?

A

cytokines –> are absolutely necessary for other T and B cells to terminally differentiate

35
Q

What happens to a cytotoxic T cell when it is activated by antigen?

A

It produces perforin & granzymes that it will release directly into the target cell via cell-cell contact

36
Q

Do B cells require antigen presentation in the context of self?

A

No – B cell Ig binds to the antigen itself, without the need for self antigen

37
Q

What is necessary for a T helper cell to bind Ag?

A

A T helper cell (CD4+) requires Ag presented in the context of MHC class II

38
Q

What is necessary for a cytotoxic T cell to bind Ag?

A

A cytotoxic T cell (CD8+) requires Ag presented in the context of MHC class I

39
Q

Describe the process after a B cell recognizes a foreign Ag

A

A B cell Ig recognizes Ag presented by an antigen presenting cell

The Ig/Ag is endocytosed and is broken down along with the Ag attached to it

The B cell places Ag peptide in the context of MHC Class II and displays it on the surface

The B cell Ag/MHC-II stimulates a helper T cell, which proliferates, terminally differentiates, and produces cytokines

The cytokines stimulate B cells to terminally differentiate into plasma cells which secrete Ig against the specific Ag

The cytokines also stimulate cytotoxic T cells to proliferate and differentiate and migrate to kill infected cells

40
Q

Give some examples of passive immunity. Is it short or long term?

A

Mother passing Ab to her infant, antiserum

Short term

41
Q

Give some examples of active immunity. Is it short or long term?

A

Naturally acquired (infection), vaccination

Long term

42
Q

What are the two types of autoimmune diseases?

Give some examples of each

A

Organ specific: MS, type I diabetes, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Systemic: Systemic Lupus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis

Host Defense Exam 1 (13 decks)

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