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KIN 267 - HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY > INTRO to the Human Body > Flashcards

INTRO to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is human anatomy?

A
  • the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
  • STRUCTURE
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2
Q

What is human physiology?

A
  • the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine.
  • the study of homeostasis
  • FUNCTION
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3
Q

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

A
  • chemical, cellular, tissues, organ, system, organism
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4
Q

What are the two chemical levels of organization?

A
  • atoms

- molecules (two or more atoms joined together)

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5
Q

What are the two types of molecules in the body?

A
  • inorganic

- organic (have C-H bonds)

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6
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • nervous
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7
Q

What is an organ?

A
  • structures composed of two or more different types

of tissues

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8
Q

What is an organ system?

A
  • consists of related organs with a common
    function
  • there are 11 systems
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9
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A
  • bones, cartilage, ligaments
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10
Q

What are the two major parts of the skeletal system?

A
  • axial

- appendicular

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11
Q

What are the three types of muscle in the body?

A
  • skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
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12
Q

Why is the muscular system important?

A
  • movement
  • maintain posture and body position
  • maintain a consistent body temperature
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13
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • heart
  • blood
  • blood vessels
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14
Q

What is the significance of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • vessels carry blood containing gases, nutrients, and hormones to specific locations
  • regulates body temperature, acid-base and water balance
  • defend against diseases and repair functions
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15
Q

What are the components of the nervous system?

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • sensory organs (ex. eyes)
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16
Q

What is the significance of the nervous system?

A
  • senses changes in the body’s internal and external environment
  • interprets and responds to detected changes by causing muscle contractions or glandular secretions
  • generates action potentials
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17
Q

What are the six important life processes?

A
  • metabolism
  • growth
  • movement
  • responsiveness
  • differentiation
  • reproduction
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18
Q

What is metabolism?

A
  • the sum of all the catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) chemical processes that occur in the body
19
Q

What is responsiveness?

A
  • the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity or threat
20
Q

What is movement?

A
  • any motion, including movement of tiny subcellular structure, or movement inside cells or organs
21
Q

What is growth?

A
  • involves an increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells, or both
22
Q

What is differentiation?

A
  • the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
23
Q

What is reproduction?

A
  • the formation of new cells (growth, repair, or replacement)
  • babies
24
Q

What is homeostasis?

A
  • a condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment
  • meant to keep body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life
25
Q

What are bodily fluids?

A
  • defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell
26
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A
  • the fluid within cells
27
Q

What is extracellular fluid?

A
  • the fluid outside cells
28
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A
  • an extracellular fluid between cells and tissues
29
Q

List some important body fluids?

A
  • blood plasma
  • lymph
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • synovial fluid
  • aqueous humor
30
Q

What is blood plasm?

A
  • is the ECF within blood vessels
31
Q

What is ymph?

A
  • the ECF within lymphatic vessels
32
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

A
  • the ECF in the brain and spinal cord
33
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A
  • the ECF in joints
34
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A
  • the ECF in eyes
35
Q

What happens to interstitial fluid when it moves between plasma and the interstitial fluid?

A
  • it changes as it moves through the plasma and interstitial fluid
36
Q

Control of homeostasis is constantly being challenged by what?

A
  • physical insults (lack of O2)
  • changes in the internal environment (drop in blood glucose)
  • physiological stress
37
Q

What are the three basic components of the bodies feedback system?

A
  • receptors
  • control center
  • effector
38
Q

What is a receptor?

A
  • a body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition (such as body temperature) and sends input to the control centre
39
Q

What is the control centre?

A
  • sets the range of values to be maintained - usually this is done by the brain
40
Q

What does the control centre do?

A
  • evaluates input received from receptors and generates output command
  • output involves nerve impulses, hormones, or other chemical agents
41
Q

What does the effector do?

A
  • receives output from the control centre and produces a response of effect that changes the controlled condition
42
Q

What does a negative feedback system do?

A
  • reverses a change in a controlled condition
43
Q

What does a positive feedback system do?

A
  • strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions
44
Q

What are the four most common atoms in the human body?

A
  • carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen

KIN 267 - HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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