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BIO 109 > Intro to the Human Body > Flashcards

Intro to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Human Anatomy

A

Is the study of the body structure. Means to cut or cutting backwards ( putting things together from slices)

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2
Q

Human Physiology

A

Is the science of body functions. Including the study of homeostasis. ( keeping the organs systems of the body in balance)

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3
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Is the study of form and markings of the body surface, often explored through visualization or palpating ( without any cutting)

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4
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Is the study of anatomical structures visible to unaided eye. After making the appropriate surface marking in the prior picture, the gross dissection proceeds through cutting.

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5
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Study all of the blood vessels, or all of the muscles, or all of the bones at once

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6
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

All anatomical structures of a specific region ( the thorax, or the head and neck) are all studied together.

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7
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Is the study of the fertilized egg developing into its adult form

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8
Q

Embryology

A

Is a subcategory of developmental anatomy ( conception to 8th week of gestation)

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9
Q

Histology

A

Is the study of tissues

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10
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cellular strutures

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11
Q

Pathology

A

Is the study of anatomical changes due to disease

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12
Q

Autopsy

A

Is a postmortem (after death) examination of the body and internal organs performed by a pathologist.

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13
Q

An autopsy is usually done to:

A

Determine the cause of death
Identify diseases not detected during life
Determine the extent of injuries and contribution to death
Identify hereditary conditions

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14
Q

Cells

A

Are the basic structural and functional units of an organism

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15
Q

Tissues

A

Are groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function

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16
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

A

Epithelium
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nerves

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17
Q

Organs

A

Are structures composed of two or more different types of tissues ( all but the simplest of organs have all 4 basic tissues represented)

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18
Q

Organ System

A

Consists of related organs with a common function.
There are 11 organ systems in the body.

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19
Q

Organism

A

Consists of a collection of organ systems. Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

All parts of the body must be functioning together in a process

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21
Q

Metabolism

A

Is the sum of all catabolic ( breaking down and anabolic (building up) chemical processes that occur in the body.

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22
Q

Responsiveness

A

Is the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity or a threat

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23
Q

above, top, toward head

A

superior

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24
Q

below, bottom, away from head

A

inferior

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25
Q

Toward the front

A

Anterior(ventral)

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26
Q

Toward the back

A

Posterior(Dorsal)

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27
Q

Toward the midline

A

Medial

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28
Q

Away from midline & body. (sides)

A

Lateral

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29
Q

Between medial and lateral

A

Intermediate

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30
Q

Nearest to the origination

A

Proximal

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31
Q

Farther from origination

A

Distal

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32
Q

Same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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33
Q

Opposite side of the body

A

Contralateral

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34
Q

Towards the surface

A

Superficial

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35
Q

Towards the core of the body

A

Deep

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36
Q

Pertaining to a covering over an organ

A

Visceral

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37
Q

Pertaining to a covering against a cavity wall

A

Parietal

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38
Q

Midline

A

Sagittal

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39
Q

Horizontal

A

Transverse

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40
Q

Coronal

41
Q

is any motion, including movement of tiny subcellular structures , or movement inside cells or organs.

42
Q

Involves an increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells, or both.

43
Q

Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state.

A

Differentiation

44
Q

Is the formation of new cells( growth, repair, or replacement) or the production of a new individual.

A

Reproduction

45
Q

A condition of ______ (balance) in the body’s internal environment.

A

Equilibrium

46
Q

_____ are defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell.

A

Body fluids

47
Q

____ is the fluid within cells.

A

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

48
Q

_____ is the fluid outside cells.

A

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

49
Q

____ Is ECF between cells and tissues

A

Interstitial Fluid

50
Q

____ is the ECF within blood vessels.

A

Blood Plasma

51
Q

____ is the ECF within lymphatic vessels.

52
Q

_____ is the ECF in the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

53
Q

_____ is the ECF in joints.

A

Synovial joints

54
Q

____ is the ECF in eyes.

A

Aqueous Humor

55
Q

____ is a body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition (such as body temperature) and sends input to the control center.

56
Q

The ____ sets the range of values to be maintained- usually this is done by the brain.

A

Control Center

57
Q

The _______ receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition.

58
Q

Reverses a change in a controlled condition

A

Negative Feedback systems

59
Q

Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions. For example: Childbirth or heavy bleed outs.

A

Positive Feedback systems

60
Q

Skull

61
Q

Neck

62
Q

Elbow

63
Q

Wrist

64
Q

Front of knee

65
Q

Eye

66
Q

Chest

67
Q

Groin

68
Q

Hand/palm

A

Metacarpal

69
Q

Sole of foot

70
Q

Cheek

71
Q

Armpit

72
Q

Thigh

73
Q

Buttock

74
Q

Ankle

75
Q

Toes or fingers

A

Digital or phalangeal

76
Q

It divides the body into two equal

A

Midsagittal plane

77
Q

To the right and left of the midsagittal that divide the body into unequal halves.

A

Parasagittal planes

78
Q

Pass through the body or organ at an angle.

A

Oblique planes

79
Q

The brain and spinal cord develop

A

Dorsal cavity

80
Q

The remaining body organs are found

A

Ventral body cavity

81
Q

_____ is formed by the cranial bones. Protects the brain.

A

Cranial cavity

82
Q

____ is formed by bones and vertebral column. Contains the spinal cord.

A

Vertebral Canal

83
Q

Layers of protective tissue that line the cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

84
Q

_____ is formed by the sternum, ribs, and the thoracic portion of the bony vertebral column.

A

Thoracic Cavity

85
Q

Consists of the skin and related structures (hair, nails, and glands. Protects body, regulates temperature, and eliminates wastes though sweat and other sections.

A

Integumentary System

86
Q

Consists of the bones and joints. Provides protection and support. Houses cells that will become red blood cells, and platelets.

87
Q

Consists of the named skeletal muscles, as well as smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Participates with the skeletal system to facilitate movement and maintain posture. Generates the heat necessary for warm- blooded organisms to maintain a constant body temp.

A

Muscular System

88
Q

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. Senses and responds to body conditions through nerve impulses.

A

Nervous System

89
Q

Consists of hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body. Regulates the body through chemical mechanisms ( by releasing hormones into the blood)

A

Endocrine System

90
Q

Consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels. Carries blood and nutrients to specific locations. Regulates body temperature, and water balance

A

Cardiovascular

91
Q

Consists of the lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes and the other associated organs of the immune system like the tonsils, spleen and thymus gland. Transports fats and proteins to the cardiovascular system. Filters blood and protects against disease.

A

Lymphatic System and Immunity

92
Q

Consists of the upper airways, the trachea and major bronchi and the lungs. Extracts Oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. Regulates acid/base balance

A

Respiratory System

93
Q

Consists of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, and the accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, liver, and gallbladder. Accomplishes the physical and chemical breakdown of food and elimination of waste.

A

Digestive System

94
Q

Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Involved in the collection and excretion of waste products in urine, and the regulation of fluid, electrolyte & acid/ base balance

A

Urinary System

95
Q

Consists of the ovaries , uterus and vagina in the female, and the testes and penis in the male. Reproduction

A

Reproductive System

96
Q

Located within the middle part of the mediastinal cavity in the thoracic cavity. Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardial Cavity

97
Q

Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines.

A

Abdominal cavity

98
Q

Contains the urinary bladder, internal organs of reproductive system, and portions of the large intestine.

A

Pelvic cavity

BIO 109 (4 decks)

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