Intro to the Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Types of signaling in the body:
A
- paracrine: local signals, to neighbours
- neuronal: synapses
- autocrine: cell releases signal, signal binds
to same cell - endocrine: one cell secretes hormones into
the bloodstream, affects cells located far
away
2
Q
Definition of a horomone:
A
chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream
3
Q
Label:
A
insert flowchart
4
Q
The endocrine system is a collection of
A
ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
5
Q
Major endocrine glands:
A
insert diagram
abbrieviation?
6
Q
The pituitary gland:
- connected to?
- most secretions are controlled by the?
- how many hormones are secreted?
A
- to the hypothalamus via the pituitary stalk
- controlled by the hypothalamus
- 6 major hormones by the anterior pituitary
and 2 by the posterior pituitary
7
Q
Pituitary Gland: Hormones:
A
insert flowchart
8
Q
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands:
A
insert diagram
9
Q
What is the thyroid gland involved in?
A
regulation of metabolism
stimulated by the pituitary
10
Q
The parathyroid glands are involved?
A
plasma calcium concentration
11
Q
Pancreas:
A
insert diagrams
12
Q
Pancreas hormones:
A
- insulin and glucagon
- metabolism of glucose
- also secretes digestive enzymes
13
Q
The Adrenal Glands:
A
insert slide
14
Q
Peptide Hormones:
A
- protein or polypeptide based
- can not cross the cell surface membrane
- binds to cell surface receptors
- stored in the cell until required and are
released by a molecular stimulus - secretory vesicles usually contain
prohormones that are cleaved by the
action of specific enzymes - hormone release occurs via exoctyosis
15
Q
Peptide Hormone Example:
A
- increase in blood glucose
- stimulated pancreatic beta cells to release
insulin - promotes the uptake of glucose
- binding of insulin to receptor causes a
conformational change that causes internal
tyrosine kinase domains to phosphorylate
each other
