Anatomy of the Pelvis Flashcards
What is the acetabelum?
depression where femur attaches to pelvis
Where is the pelvis located?
between the abdomen and lower limbs -> forming the lower portion of the trunk
Pelvis: Functions (4):
- strong stable connection between
trunk and lower extremities - bears and transmits weight from
the upper body - contains, supports, protects pelvic
viscera - attachment for trunk and lower
limb muscles
Where is the body’s centre of gravity?
pelvis
curvatures in the vertebral column center the weight in the upper body and transmits it through the pelvis to the femora
Which view?
Lateral view becuase acetabelum
Three divisions of the Innominiate Bone:
- ilium
- ischium = posterior
- pubis = anterior
three divisions fuse together in the acetebulum
bones are connected by a triradiate cartilage at a cup-shaped socket forming the acetabulum
fusion into a single bone begins at puberty
Which bones contribute to the pelvic girdle?
- sacrum
- coccyx
- right and left innominate bone
Pelvis: Bony Landmarks:
add promontery
Identify the Bony Landmarks:
- anterior superior iliac spine
- pubic tubercule (left)
- posterior superior iliac spine
- ischial spine
- ischia tuberosity
- inferior pubic ramus
Identify the Bony Landmarks:
insert slide
Where is the obturator foramen?
insert diagram
Which views of the sacrum?
foramina = anterior/posterior vertebral foramina
Bony Landmarks:
insert diagram
**L5, promontery, sacrum, coccyx
Identify the bony landmarks and the ligaments:
- notch when not covered by
ligaments - foramen when covered by
ligaments
Sacrospinous Ligament:
- location
- runs between
- posteriorly and medially located
- runs between the sacrum to the
ischial spine
Sacrotuberous Ligament:
- Location
- Runs between
- covers
- posteriorly and medially located
- runs between the sacrum and the
ischial tuberosity - covers the lesser sciatic foramen
Function of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments:
- weight is transferred from the
vertebral column to the sacrum - results in tilting the sacrum
forward/anteriorly - the ligaments prevent the lower
portion of the sacrum form being
rotated upwards at the sacroiliac
joint
Joints of the Pelvic Girdle:
insert diagram
What are the four articulating bones of the pelvic girdle?
- right innominate
- left innominate
- sacrum
- coccyx
What are the five joints of the pelvic girdle?
- lumbrosacral
- right sacroiliac
- left sacroliliac
- pubic symphysis
- sacrococcygeal symphysis
Lumbrosacral Joint:
- symphysis: anterior
intervertebral
joint = vertebral
bodies of L5 and
S1, separated by a
large
intervertebral disc
and connected
by vertebral
ligaments. - synovial:
zygapophyseal joints
=
between the articular
processes of
L5 and S1 vertebrae.
hence is a compound synovial joint
Sacroilliac Joint:
- synovial: on anterior
side - syndesmosis: on
posterior side
Pubic Symphysis Joint:
- symphysis
- secondary
cartilaginous
Sacrococcygeal Symphysis:
- symphysis
- secondary
cartilaginous
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
- gluteal arteries and
veins - gluteal nerve
- sciatic nerve
- pudendal nerve
- internal pudendal artery and vein
GGGSPII
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
- pudendal nerve
- internal pudendal artery
- internal pudendal vein
Foramina of the Pelvis:
*piriform muscle divides
into upper and lower
space
*sciatic nerve lies
posterior to the
piriformis muscle
What passes through the obturator foramen?
- obturator artery
- obturator nerve
- obturator vein
Which foramina? Label diagram.
insert diagram
Anatomical Orientation of the Pelvis:
- in the anatomical position the
pelvis is orientated:- front edge of top of pubic
symphysis - anterior superior iliac spines
- front edge of top of pubic
- both lie in the same vertical plane
insert diagram
Difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?
primary cartilaginous joints are immovable
secondary cartilaginous joints provide slight movement = fibro-cartilaginous
The sciatic nerve runs deep to which muscle?
the piriformis muscle
What is the pelvic inlet?
- pelvic brim
- superior pubic aperture
What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?
- anteriorly: pubic symphysis
- posteriorly: sacral
promontory, sacral alae - laterally: Linea terminalis =
arcuate line, pecten pubis,
pubic crest
Boundaries of the Pelvis:
insert diagram
What is the pelvic outlet?
the inferior pubic aperture
What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?
- anteriorly: pubic symphysis,
pubic arch (right and left
ischiopubic rami), ischial
tuberosities, sacrotuberous
ligament - posteriorly: coccyx
Boundaries of the Pelvis:
insert diagram
The main distinction between the Greater/False Pelvis and the Lesser/True Pelvis:
- true pelvis lies in the area
between the pelvic inlet and
outlet and contains the
pelvic organs
Greater/False Pelvis:
- boundaries
- contains
- superior to pelvic inlet
- limited inferiorly by parietal
peritoneal reflections - contains peritoneal content
Lesser/True Pelvis:
- boundaries
- contains
- inferior to pelvic inlet and
superior to pelvic outlet - limited inferiorly by pelvic
diaphragm - contains the true pelvic
cavity and content
Greater vs Lesser Pelvis:
Pelvic inlet
Differences between Male and Female Bony Pelvis:
- female = circular inlet s
male = heart shape inlet - females have a wider pubic
angle than males (85 vs 50
degrees) - male ischial spines and
more prominent medially
and projecting - male promontory has a
more prominent projection
Label the Male vs Female Pelvis:
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Male and Female Pelvis Differences:
insert table
Greater/False Pelvis Content:
peritoneal content
Lesser/True Pelvis Content:
- reproductive viscera:
Male = seminal vesicles,
prostate, ductus deferens
Female = uterus, vagina,
ovaries, uterine tubes - urinary viscera: bladder
- GI viscera: rectum
- neurovasculature
Contents of the Pelvis
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What does the bony pelvis comprise of?
- 2 innominate bones (right
and left) - sacrum
- coccyx
The sciatic nerve passes through which formaina?
The greater sciatic foramina
What are the 3 main foramina of the Pelvis?
- greater sciatic
- lesser sciatic
- obturator
