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Musculoskeletal II > Intro to Spine > Flashcards

Intro to Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Three Rs

A

Reproducible sign
Region of origin
Reactivity level

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2
Q

What is in the active ROM?

A

active movement
open packed
active movement

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3
Q

What is at the end of the physiological ROM?

A

joint play

sprain

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4
Q

What is at the end of the anatomical ROM?

A

dislocation

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5
Q

Firing of articular Mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors
Firing of cutaneous and muscular receptors
Altered nociception

A

Neurophysiological

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6
Q

Stretching of joint restrictions
Breaking of adhesions
Altered positional relationships
Diminish/eliminate barriers to normal motion

A

Mechanical

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7
Q

Confidence gained through improvement
Positive effects from manual contact
Response to joint sounds

A

Psychological

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8
Q

Three sub-systems that contribute to stability in the spine:

A

passive system
active system
central nervous system

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9
Q

Passive system

A

anatomical structures contributing to stability

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10
Q

Active system

A

muscles, source of active stiffness

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11
Q

Central Nervous system:

A

feed forward (anticipatory) and feedback (reflex control)

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12
Q

Neutral Zone (of spine):

A

region of laxity around the neutral resting position of a spinal segment
position of the segment in which Minimal loading is occurring in the passive structures and active structures

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13
Q

How many total vertebrae are in the spine?

A

29

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14
Q

How many sacral vertebrae?

A

5

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15
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

4

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16
Q

What are the three separate joints in a vertebral motion segment?

A

2 facets and the IVD and the vertebral bodies

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17
Q

How many pairs of facet joints are in the spine?

A

24 pairs

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18
Q

Why type of joint are the facet joints?

A

planar

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19
Q

In the upper cervical spine the facets are orientated in what alignment?

A

horizontal in upper segments

20
Q

In the lower cervical spine the facets change to what position?

A

45 d in lower cervical

21
Q

Z joints/Uncovertebral joints: are made up by what anatomical process?

A

Uncinate process

22
Q

What covers articular surfaces?

A

hyaline cartilage

23
Q

What role does the meniscoid serve?

A

They fill space during joint displacement and they actively assist in the dispersal of synovial fluid

24
Q

How is the cervical spine aligned?

A

relatively horizontally (promotes rotation)

25
Q

How is the lower cervical spine aligned?

A

45 degree angle (side bending and rotation)

26
Q

How is thoracic spine aligned?

A

vertically anterior to posteriorly

27
Q

How is lumbar spine aligned?

A

vertically but in a medial-lateral

28
Q

What variables affect the motion at the spine?

A 
Disc-vertebral height ratio
Compliance of the fibrocartilage
Dimension/Shape of the adjacent vertebral end plates
Age
Disease 
Gender
29
Q

Coupling:

A

Two or more individual motions are coupled when one motion is always accompanied by another motion

30
Q

Coupling in UCS:

A

opposite

31
Q

Coupling in LCS:

A

same side

32
Q

Fryette’s First Law

A

When any part of the spine is in a neutral position the side-bending of the vertebra will be to the opposite side as the rotation of the spine
Translation: when you’re standing in neutral position and you side-bend to the Right…your spine will Rotate to the left (opposite side).

33
Q

Fryette’s Second Law

A

When any part of the spine is in a position of flexion or hyperextension the side-bending of the vertebra will be to the same side as the rotation of the spine
Translation: when you flex or hyperextend your spine and you side bend to the Right…your spine will Rotate to the Right (same side

34
Q

Fryette’s Third Law

A

If motion in one plane is introduced to the spine any motion occurring in another direction is thereby restricted
Translation: If you perform one movement (flexion for example) , their won’t be as much movement in any of the other planes (sidebending for example)

35
Q

Can’t open

A

Restriction of Flex/SB/Rot to the opposite side of the pain is termed an opening restriction

36
Q

Can’t close:

A

Restriction of Ext/SB/Rot to the same side of the pain is termed a closing restriction

37
Q

Cervicoencephalic:

A

cervicocranial

38
Q

Atlanto-occiptal:

A

C0-C1

39
Q

Atlanto-axial

A

C1-C2

40
Q

Cervicobrachial

A

C3-C7

41
Q

Where does the majority of cervical rotation occur?

A

Cervicoencephalic region

42
Q

Flexion-extension of atlanto-occipital region?

A

15-20

43
Q

Side flexion of atlanto-occipital region?

A

10 degrees

44
Q

Flexion-extension of atlanto-axial region?

A

10

45
Q

Side flexion of atlanto-axial region?

A

5

46
Q

Rotation of atlanto-axial region?

A

50 (primary movement)

47
Q

Symptoms of injury to cervicobrachial region?

A 
neck and/or arm pain
headaches
restricted ROM
paresthesia
altered myotomes and dermatomes
radicular signs

Musculoskeletal II (14 decks)

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