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Intro to Social Theory 2019 > Intro to Social Theory Wk 5 to 6 Education, Employment, Health Crime and Deviance > Flashcards

Intro to Social Theory Wk 5 to 6 Education, Employment, Health Crime and Deviance Flashcards

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1
Q

Modern education 3 R’s

Education

A
  1. Reading
  2. Riting
  3. Rithmatic
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2
Q

5 myths

Education

A
  1. Individual (not family - its up to you)
  2. Nation as a group of individuals (Making Aus better)
  3. Progress (we need to get better and better)
  4. Socialisation and life cycle continuity
  5. State as the guardian of nation and culture
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3
Q

Overall design of an educational program (what should be focused on) individual subjects through the aims of educational program may achieve
(Education)

A

Curriculum

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4
Q

Social learning occurring in education but not part of official of the curriculum.
(Education)

A

Hidden curriculum

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5
Q

Hidden curriculum teaches

Education

A
  • Social conventions
  • Social hierarchy
  • Obedience to authority
  • Conformity to cultural norms
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6
Q

School teaches children

Education

A
  1. Truth comes from authority
  2. Intelligence is the ability to remember and repeat
  3. Accurate memory and repetition are rewarded
  4. Non-compliance is punished
  5. Conform: intellectually and socially
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7
Q

Home school occurs

Education

A
  1. Religious beliefs

2. Heightened sense of parental responsibility for education

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8
Q

Crisis in boys education

Education

A

Where academic success is seen as a feminine characteristic

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9
Q

Public or state schools

Education

A

Free or low cost

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10
Q

Private school

Education

A

Pay tuition

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11
Q

Catholic school

Education

A

Independent

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12
Q

Education assumption

Education

A

Higher quality, moral benefits, more intensive pupil supervision

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13
Q

William and Carpenter (1991) argue

Education

A

Parents who are willing and able to pay for private education are already advantaged
(paying more to learn better)
- Gender also matters

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14
Q

Emphasis on efficiency

(Education) -

A

More to achieve with fewer student ratios

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15
Q

Market orientation

Education

A

Competition in education where schools compete in market share. (retain students)

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16
Q

Greater state of control

Education

A

Standardised national testing and productivity (NAPLAN, less schools + funding)

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17
Q

Instrumentalism

Education

A

Use education system to produce economic benefits (focus on skill shortage, more vocational/skill based position)

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18
Q

Max Weber and formal Organisation

(Education) - Bureaucratisation and Cost

A

Characteristics of bureaucracy are division of labour, rules and regulations, impersonality, hierarchy of authority and technical qualifications

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19
Q

Cost of schooling affects

(Education) - Bureaucratisation and Cost

A

Education attainment

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20
Q
  1. Credentials are more cultural exclusionary and technical…
    (Education) -
    Motivations and credentialism
A

Degree thresholds become more important than training

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21
Q
  1. Credentials don’t directly equate to…
    (Education) -
    Motivations and credentialism
A

Substantive knowledge

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22
Q

Credentials act as…
(Education) -
Motivations and credentialism

A

Exclusionary, cultural entry barriers’ to jobs

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23
Q

Inflation of credentials drives to educational expansion…
(Education) -
Motivations and credentialism

A

leads to credential crisis that prompts state to further regulate the credential market

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24
Q

Will good education get you a job

Education

A

No guarantee

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25
Q

Teacher expectancy effect

Education

A

affects student performance (positive and negative)

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26
Q

Define health

Health

A

Absence of disease

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27
Q

Health is directly related to…

Health

A
  • Functionality
  • Life circumstances
  • Socioeconomic circumstances
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28
Q

World health Organisation say health is

Health

A

State of complete physical, mental, social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or informity

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29
Q

Social Epidemology is…

Health

A

study of distribution of disease and health throughout a society’s population

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30
Q

Men are more than likely than women to…

(Health) and gender

A

Engage in higher levels of risk taking behaviour (hegemonic masculinity)

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31
Q

Mean and women have differences…

(Health) and gender

A

In their approach and desire for health care

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32
Q

Wealth is…

(Health) and social class

A

A strong predictor of health and longevity

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33
Q

The lower a persons social and economic situation

(Health) and social class

A

The worse his or her health will be (both men and women

34
Q

Location affects health…

(Health) and neighborhoods

A
  • Urban
  • Regional
  • Rural
35
Q

People in higher socioeconomic areas have

(Health) and neighborhoods

A

Better health and higher levels of health literacy

36
Q

Higher levels of obesity, overweight are found in lower socioeconomic area
(Health) and neighborhoods

A

Limited recreational activities and fewer opportunities for physical exercise (bikeways etc.)

37
Q

Environmental Justice…

(Health) and neighborhoods

A

Poorer neighborhoods experience environmental pollution

38
Q

People from poorer neighborhoods are more likely to…

(Health) and neighborhoods

A

Risky behaviour (illicit drugs, alcohol)

39
Q

People from poorer neighborhoods are more likely to suffer from mental illness
(Health) and neighborhoods

A

Due to psychological distress due to fear of crime, lack of trust and feeling unsafe

40
Q

No human group can exist…

Crime vs. Deviance

A

without norms

41
Q

Norms bring about…

Crime vs. Deviance

A

Social order

42
Q

Norms lay out basic guidelines for…

Crime vs. Deviance

A

how we should play our roles and interact with others

43
Q

Formal and informal means of enforcing norms…

Crime vs. Deviance

A

Groups develop systems of social control

44
Q

Define Crime

Crime vs. Deviance

A

Refers to breaking or violating laws

45
Q

Define deviance

Crime vs. Deviance

A

Refers to rule or norm breaking behaviour

46
Q

Not all criminal behaviour are deviant..

Crime vs. Deviance

A

Not all deviant behaviour is criminal

47
Q

Deviance is…

Crime vs. Deviance

A
  • Linked to time
  • Linked to cultural values
  • Cultural and universal
    (society defines deviance, not individuals)
48
Q

Sanctions

Crime vs. Deviance

A

Positive and negative (serve to reinforce norms)

49
Q 
Shaming types (x2)
(Crime vs. Deviance)
A
  1. Stigmatised shame (permanent label) negative meaning to behaviour
  2. Reintergrative shaming (Brings offender back into community after punishment)
50
Q

Aus legal system relies on

Aus Legal system

A

Deterrence

51
Q

General deterrence

Aus Legal system

A

Ensures individuals won’t commit a crime because they see the negative consequences apply to others

52
Q

Specific deterrence

Aus Legal system

A

occurs to individuals who have violated the law and already punished

53
Q

Recidivism

Aus Legal system

A

Repetitious criminal activity (being being use to prison)

54
Q

Alternatives to prison

Aus Legal system

A
  1. Restorative justice
  2. Reparation (contrast to tradition retributive aim of punishment)
  3. Dialogue between offender and victim in criminal justice process
55
Q

Crime problem

Crime and media

A
  • Law and order commonsense
  • Soaring crime rates
  • Soft on crime
56
Q

Police Fetishism

Crime and media

A

Police are functional prerequisites to social order

57
Q

Far removed from reality

Crime and media

A

CSI effect

58
Q

Dark figure of crime

Crime and media

A

Statistics are not completely accurate (not all crimes are reported)

59
Q

Street crimes

Crime and media

A

Publicly visible

  • Assault
  • Burglery
  • Rape
60
Q

Positivist

Deviance

A

Assumes that people are naturally good

61
Q

The classical school

Deviance

A

Individuals make rational choices based on pleasure/pain calculations

62
Q

Differential Association Theory
Edwin Sutherland
(Deviance and Social control)

A

Perspective emphasises that that criminal and deviant behaviour is learned (x9)

63
Q

Containment Theory Walter Reckless

Deviance and Social control

A

Internal control and external forces

64
Q

4 social bonds
Travis Hirschi
(Deviance and Social control)

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Commitment
  3. Involvement
  4. Belief
65
Q

Relationships between power and Knowledge
Michael Foucault
(Deviance and Social control)

A

Shift between punishment and discipline and process of normalisation

66
Q

Biomedicine views health or illness as

Health - Biomedical Model

A

Dysfunction that need fixing through treatment and cures to regain normal functioning

67
Q

The biomedical approach to health and illness is concerned with…
(Health - Biomedical Model)

A

Intervention, rather than prevention, and locates disease within the individual

68
Q

On of the main criticisms of the biomedical model is…

Health - Biomedical Model

A

It separates the mind and body as discrete units, presenting the body as a machine that is isolated from the influence of the mind.

69
Q

Biomedical model fails to…

Health- Biomedical Model

A

Adopt a holistic approach to the human body which places the body in a wider social context

70
Q

Ivan Llinch argues that medical professionals hold considerable influence in our society through…
(Health - Medicalisation of Society)

A

Their ability to define a wide array of social life as medical problems requiring “expert” intervention or medicalisation

71
Q

Historically, science has assumed dominance on a parallel with religious doctrine in early periods…
(Health - Medicalisation of Society)

A

If science is the new religion, i’s priests are the medical profession, In monopolizing health and illness, the medical profession assumed important social control functions (ie. deviance)

72
Q

Birth/Death Certificates

Health - Medicalisation of Society

A

Medicalisation

73
Q

DMS

Health - Medicalisation of Society

A

Growing with diagnosis

74
Q

Many marinal behaviours

Health - Medicalisation of Society

A

Are considered to be problematic

75
Q

Homosexual behavior was deemed as deviant

Health - Medicalisation of Society

A

And was medicalised

76
Q

Population is increasingly coming under the scrutiny of what is
(Health - Medicalisation of Society)

A

Clinical gaze

77
Q

Health measures that society are required to undertake by the medical profession
(Health - Medicalisation of Society)

A
  • Don’t smoke
  • Eat healthy
  • Exercise etc.
78
Q

Medical profession occupies a powerful position to construct a picture of normalcy (health) and deviance
(Health - Medicalisation of Society)

A
  • Rise in cosmetic surgery industry

_Suddenly ugly is a disease

79
Q

Thomas Szazs

Health - Medicalisation of Society

A

Broadly suggests that mental illness is a false concept (Mental illness is a myth)

80
Q

Social construct, many medical conditions
Social rather than biological conditions
(Health - Medicalisation of Society)

A
  • Conditions may have environmental causes (ADHD - lacking space and toys for child to play with)
  • Can be personality
  • Boundaries of normal is subjective, rather than objective
81
Q

The sick role

(Health - Medicalisation of Society) Functional

A

Patients and doctors work in a cooperative manner to ensure positive health outcomes

Intro to Social Theory 2019 (5 decks)

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