intro to skin biology

Question 1

what are Disorders of epidermal adhesion or cohesion mediated by autoantibodies to skin adhesion molecules

Answer 1

autoimmune bullous diseases

Question 2

what characterizes autoimmune bullous diseases

Answer 2

Characterized by erosions or blisters in skin, often mucosa

Question 3

anti-desmosmose antibodies invovled in which disorder?

Answer 3

pemphis vulgaris

Question 4

where are hemidesmosomes located?

Answer 4

the basement membrane

Question 5

anti-hemidesmosome antibodies are implicated in which disease

Answer 5

bullous pemphigoid

Question 6

when repair mechanisms of skin fail, what results?

Answer 6

chronic skin ulcers

increased risk of infection

Question 7

If unable to repair DNA damage what results?

Answer 7

DNA damage results in mutations

mutations results in skin cancers

Question 8

what are some functions of the skin provided by specialized cells within skin?

Answer 8

barrier function
immune recognition and surveillance
damage repair
thermoregulation
photoprotection
communication

Question 9

what causes Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Answer 9

mutations in EDAR gene

which encodes for the ectodyplasin A receptor

Question 10

what is the function of the protein encoded by the EDAR gene

Answer 10

Protein critical for proper interaction between developing ectoderm and mesoderm

Question 11

what happens when there is a mutation in the EDAR gene?

Answer 11

Results in abnormal hair follicles, sweat glands and teeth

Question 12

how do patients wit hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia present?

Answer 12

Unable to regulate temperature: overheat easily

Question 13

an example of a local thermoregulatory dysfunction

Answer 13

Raynauds’ phenomenon

Question 14

describe Raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 14

Chronic episodic attacks of digital ischemia

Question 15

t/f. Raynaud’s phenomenon can be associated with underlying autoimmune diseases

Answer 15

true

Question 16

define vasculitis

Answer 16

diseases that injury blood vessels disrupt circulatin, resulting in cutaneous necrosis and/or ulceration

Question 17

what is the characteristic behavior of of a person with trigeminal trophic syndrome?

Answer 17

damage to the trigeminal nerve –> chronic tingling–>gouges holes in skin from scratching

Question 18

function: maintain structural barrier. what is the failure?

Answer 18

dehydration, infection

Question 19

function: immune surveillance. What is the failure?

Answer 19

infection, autoimmunity, cancer

Question 20

function: repair injury. what is the failure.

Answer 20

skin cancers, ulcers

Question 21

function: regulate temperature. what is the failure?

Answer 21

hypo or hyperthermia

Question 22

function: circulation. what is the failure?

Answer 22

infarction(emboli, vasculitis)

Question 23

function: communication: what is the failure?

Answer 23

itching, insensitivity

Question 24

function: photoprotection. what is the failure?

Answer 24

cancer, photoaging