Intro To Reproduction Flashcards
What are the four forms of asexual reproduction?
Binary fission
Budding
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
Explain binary fission
A single cell doubles it’s DNA and splits into two
Explain budding
A cell doubles it’s DNA and a part of the cell pinches off with half of the DNA but the cytoplasm divided between the two cells in disproportionate
Explain fragmentation
An organism is cut in half and both halves regrow the missing half.
Explain parthenogenesis
The female produces and lays eggs that don’t need to be fertilized. The egg contains all of the mother’s chromosomes
What is a downfall to having only one parents chromosomes due to parthenogenesis?
The babies are clones if that parent which means there is less variation within the species
What are the benefits of asexual reproduction? (2)
Takes less energy
Faster
What is the disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Not a lot of variation between species
How does variation occur in asexual organisms?
Mutations
But they reproduce so quickly that mutations occur very often
Sexual reproduction requires some form of sexual dimorphism. What does dimorphism mean?
“di” = two
“morph” = form
It takes two different reproductive forms (male and female)
What are the two types of fertilization in sexual reproduction?
External fertilization
Internal fertilization
Explain external fertilization
Gametes will meet and firm outside the body
Give an example of external fertilization
A female fish lays it’s eggs and a male follows right behind her and ejects sperm on top of the eggs
Explain internal fertilization
Gametes will meet inside the body of one parent
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
Variation
