Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 7: Physiology > Intro to Renal Physiology (5) > Flashcards

Intro to Renal Physiology (5) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 regulatory functions of the kidneys?

A

1- Extracellular fluid volume

2- Extracellular fluid osmolarity

3- Extracellular fluid ion composition

4- Clearance of metabolic end products, toxins and drugs

5- Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percent of body weight does TBW account for? How many liters is this?

A

60%

42L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percent of body weight does intracellular fluid account for? How many liters is this?

A

40%

28L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percent of body weight does extracellular fluid account for? How many liters is this?

A

20%

14L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two main components of ECF? What are their percentages?

A

Plasma- 25% (3 L)

Extravascular fluid- 75% (10L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: The solute composition and the osmolarity of the ICF and ECF are same.

A

False:

The solute composition of the ICF and ECF is different and the ospolarity of the ICF and ECF are the same/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What organ is the only effector organ of regulated water and salt excretion?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does unregulated water and salt loss from TBW occur?

A

Sweat, feces, skin and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drives fluid distribution between plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

The balance between hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure differences across the capillary wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is higher on the arteriolar side of a capillary….hydrostatic pressure or oncotic pressure?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is higher on the venous side of a capillary….hydrostatic pressure or oncotic pressure?

A

Oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the equation for filtration or reabsorption rate?

A

= Lp [(Pc-Pi)- (Oc-Oi)]

Note: O= oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Lp?

A

the hydraulic conductivity coefficient relating the magnitude of fluid volume transfer across the capillary wall per unit of hyrdostatic pressure difference or oncotic pressure difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What determines of net filtration or reabsorption occurs aloong the length of the capillary?

A

Balance of forces (hydrostatic and oncotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition for edema?

A

the excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space due to cardiac, renal, hepatic or endocrine dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cause of edema in congestive heart failure?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure on the venous end of the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cause of edema in renal and hepatic dystunction?

A

Decreased oncotic pressure because of decreased plasma protein concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False: Net movement of water between ICF and ECF is driven ONLY by osmotic pressure differences across the cell membrane.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the changes in isosmotic fluid expansion

A

Increase in ECF volume

Dilution of plasma proteins

Decreased Hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the changes seen in isosmotic volume contraction:

A

Decreased ECF volume

Concentration of plasma proteins

Increased hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some causes of isosmotic volume contraction?

A

Diarrhea, isosmotic/isotinic fluid loss from the ECF

22
Q

What causes isosmotic fluid expansion?

A

Intravenous isosmotic/ isotonic fluid gain to ECF

23
Q

Describe the changes seen in hyperosmotic volume contraction:

A

Decreased ECF volume and Increased ECF osmolarity

This leads to movement of water from ICF to ECF.

Decreased ICF volume and increased ICF osmolarity

24
Q

What can cause hyperosmotic volume contraction?

A

Profuse sweating and/ or water deprivation

25
Q

Describe the changes seen in hyperosmotic fluid expansion:

A

Increased ECF osmolarity

This leads to movement of water from ICF to ECF

Decreased ICF volume and increased ICF osmolarity

26
Q

After the movement of water in hyperosmotic fluid expansion, what is the effect on ECF volume?

A

Increased volume to adjust for the increased osmolarity

27
Q

What can cause hyperosmotic fluid expansion?

A

High NaCl intake without fluids. Gain of solute in excess of water in the ECF.

28
Q

Describe the changes seen in hypoosmotic volume expansion:

A

Increased ECF volume and decreased ECF osmolarity

This leads to movement of water from ECF to ICF

Increased ICF volume and decreased ICF osmolarity

29
Q

What can cause hypoosmeotic volume expansion?

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone….gain of water in excess of solute

30
Q

Describe the changes seen in hypoosmotic volume contraction:

A

Decreased ECF osmolarity

This leads to water moving from the ECF to ICF

Increased ICF volume and decreased ICF osmolarity

31
Q

What is the result of the adjustments made for hypoosmotic volume contraction?

A

Decreased ECF volume

32
Q

What can cause hypoosmotic volume contraction?

A

Adrenal (aldosterone) insufficiency and decreased renal NaCl reabsorption (loss of solute in excess of water)

33
Q

What happens to the cell when there is an increase in ECF osmolarity?

A

Cell shrinks

34
Q

What do cells do to compensate for an increase in ECF after they have shrunken?

A

Cells activate solute uptake mechanisms to increased ICF osmolarity, driving water into cells to restore volume to normal

35
Q

What happens to the cell when there is a decrease in ECF osmolarity?

A

cell swelling

36
Q

What do cells do to compensate for a decrease in ECF after they have swelled?

A

Cells activate solute efflux mechanisms to decreased ICF osmolarity, driving water out of the cells to restore volume to normal

37
Q

What is filtration?

A

anatomical separation of an ultrafiltrate from the blood

38
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

the directional movement of solutes and water from the lumen of the kidney tubule to the peritubular surface

39
Q

What is secretion?

A

the directional movement of solutes (not water) from the peritubular side (blood side) of the kidney tubule to the lumenal surface

40
Q

What is synthesis?

A

Metabolism within kidney cells degrading and creating organic solutes or hormones apprearing in the blood or in the urine

41
Q

What is excretion?

A

The final result of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and synthesis. It is the amount of solute and water eliminated in the urine.

42
Q

For solutes metabolized by the kidney:

Excretion=

A

Filtered + Secreted +Synthesized - Reabsorbed

43
Q

For solutes not metabolized by the kidney:

Excreted=

A

Filtered + secreted - Reabsorbed

44
Q

What are the three components of renal function:

A

1- glomerular filtration

2- Tubular secretion

3- tubular reabsorption

45
Q

Which is driven by a gradient in hydrostatic pressure…..filtration or osmosis?

A

Filtration

46
Q

How many liters a day of water are filtered? Excreted?

A

Filtered: 180

Excreted: 0.5-12

47
Q

How much Na is filtered and excreted?

A

Filtered: 25,500

Excreted: +/- 100

48
Q

How much HCO3 is filtered and excreted?

A

Filtered: 1320

Excreted: +/- 4

49
Q

How much Cl- is filtered and excreted?

A

Filtered: 18000

Excreted:+/- 100

50
Q

How much glucose is filtered and excreted?

A

Filtered: 1100

Excreted:0

Unit 7: Physiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions