Intro to renal and functional anatomy

Question 1

define homeostasis

Answer 1

maintenance of constant environment

- arterial pressure, blood volume, plasma levels of glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium

Question 2

where does gluconeogenesis take place

Answer 2

renal cortex

Question 3

what hormones does the kidney produce

Answer 3

renin

angiotensin

Question 4

where is erythropoietin produced

Answer 4

interstitial cells of cortex and outer medulla

Question 5

what stimulates synthesis of erythropoietin

Answer 5

low haematocrit and low blood oxygen carriage

Question 6

what does aldosterone do

Answer 6

promotes of secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions and retains sodium
increase blood pressure

Question 7

function of macula densa cells

Answer 7

region of specialised epithelial cells on ascending limb that senses fluid flow and composition

Question 8

function of granular cells (juxtaglomerular cells)

Answer 8

located on the afferent arteriole and produce, store and release renin

Question 9

what gets reabsorbed on the proximal tubule

Answer 9

vitamins
amino acids
glucose 
electrolytes 
water