INTRO TO REACTION MECHANISMS Flashcards
used to measure this exchange of energy
enthalpy
generates two uncharged species called radicals, each of which bears an unpaired electron
homolytic bond cleavage
illustrated with a two-headed curved arrow, generating charged species, called ions
heterolytic bond cleavage
the energy required to break a covalent bond via homolytic bond cleavage
bond dissociation energy
this term refers to the bond dissociation energy when measured under standard conditions
ΔH°
system gives energy to the surroundings (system to surroundings)
exothermic process
system receives energy from the surroundings (surroundings to system)
endothermic process
measure of disorder associated with a system
entropy
T/F the higher number of molecules, the higher the entropy
T
T/F ΔSsys is expected to be negative (ΔSsys < 0, a decrease in entropy) because two molecules are converted into one molecule. In addition, acyclic compounds are converted into a cyclic compound. Both of these features are consistent with a decrease in entropy
T
T/F ΔSsys is expected to be negative (ΔSsys < 0, an increase in entropy) because an
acylic compound is converted nto a cyclic compound.
F
T/F ΔSsys is expected to be positive (ΔSsys > 0, an increase in entropy) because one
molecule is converted into two molecules. In addition, a cyclic compound is converted into
two acyclic compounds. Both of these features are consistent with an increase in entropy.
T
a process at a given temperature is calculated to have a (-) G, the process is ____
exergonic
a process at a given temperature is calculated to have a (+) G, the process is _____
endergonic
when an atom carries a formal or partial negative charge and an available pair of electrons, it is considered
nucleophile
