HYDROGEN NOMENCLATURE Flashcards
written without showing all the individual bonds.
condensed structural formulas
contains two fused rings
bicyclic compound
two carbons where the rings are fused
bridgehead
two similar groups bonded to the carbons of the double
bond are on the same side of the bond, the alkene is
cis isomer
the
similar groups are on opposite sides of the bond, the alkene is
trans isomer
the concept of mixing two atomic orbitals with the same energy levels to give a degenerated new type of orbitals
hybridization
observed when one
s and one p orbital in the same main
shell of an atom mix to form two new
equivalent orbitals.
sp hybridization
observed when one s and two p
orbitals of the same shell of an atom mix to form 3
equivalent orbitals.
sp2 hybridization
When one ‘s’ orbital and 3 ‘p’ orbitals belonging
to the same shell of an atom mix together to
form four new equivalent orbitals,
sp3/tetrahedral hybridization
involves the mixing of 1s
orbital, 3p orbitals and 1d orbital to form 5
sp3d hybridized orbitals of equal energy.
sp3d hybridization
it has 1s, 3p and
2d orbitals, that undergo intermixing to form 6 identical sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.
sp3d2 hybridization
theory used to depict the shape of molecules.
VSEPR (Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory)
if the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.7
polar covalent bond
if the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7
ionic bond
if the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5
covalent bond
