INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Flashcards
T/F The fundamental
difference between states
of matter is the strength of
the intermolecular forces
of attraction.
T
they are referred to as the condensed phases
solids and liquids
tendency of an electron cloud to distort
polarizability
T/F If something is easier
to polarize, it has a
high boiling point.
F
Polar molecules have a more positive and a more negative end–a dipole (two poles, δ + and δ).
dipole-dipole interactions
strongest intermolecular force
hydrogen bonding
The dipole–dipole interactions experienced when H is bonded to N, O, or F are unusually strong.
hydrogen bond
interactions found in solutions of ions
ion-dipole interactions
resistance of a liquid to flow
viscosity
T/F Viscosity decreases with stronger
intermolecular forces and increases
with higher temperature.
F
Water acts as if it
has a “skin” on it
due to extra inward
forces on its
surface.
surface tension
Intermolecular forces that bind similar
molecules to one another
cohesive forces
Intermolecular forces that bind a
substance to a surface
adhesive forces
rise of liquids up narrow tubes
capillary actions
T/F Water has stronger
adhesive forces with glass;
mercury has stronger
cohesive forces with itself.
T
conversion from one state of matter to another
phase change
the energy required to change a solid at its melting point to a liquid.
heat of fusion
the energy required to change a liquid at its boiling point to a gas
heat of vaporization
the energy required to change a solid directly to a gas
heat of sublimation
a plot of temperature vs heat added
heating curve
T/F gases solidify when pressure is applied
F
The temperature beyond which a gas cannot be compressed
critical temperature
the pressure needed to compress the liquid at critical temperature
critical pressure
The normal boiling
point is the temperature at which
its vapor pressure
760 torr
