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Psychology > Intro to Psychology > Flashcards

Intro to Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific study of behavior and the
mind.

A

Psychology:

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2
Q

Actions and responses that we can
DIRECTLY observe.

A

Behavior:

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3
Q

Internal states and processes (such as
thoughts and feelings) that must be INFERRED
from observable, measurable responses or
behavior.

A

Mind:

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4
Q

Five Central Goals of Psychology

A

1.) To describe how people and other species behave.
2.) To understand the causes of these behaviors.
3.) To predict how people and animals will behave under
certain conditions.
4.) To influence behavior through the control of its causes.
5.) To apply psychological knowledge in ways that enhance
human welfare.

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5
Q

Involves taking an active role in understanding the
world around you rather than merely receiving
information.

A

CRITICAL THINKING

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6
Q

○ It is important to reflect on what the information
means, how it fits with your experiences, and its
implications for your life and society.
○ It also means evaluating the validity of
something presented to you as fact.

A

CRITICAL THINKING

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7
Q

SUBFIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY

A

PSYCHOLOGY AS A BASIC & APPLIED SCIENCE
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

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8
Q

PSYCHOLOGY AS A BASIC & APPLIED SCIENCE

Reflects the quest for knowledge purely
for its own sake.

A

Basic Research

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9
Q

PSYCHOLOGY AS A BASIC & APPLIED SCIENCE:

Designed to solve specific, practical
problems.

A

Applied Research:

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10
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
1.
2.
3.
are keys to scientific attitudes.

A

Curiosity
Skepticism
Open-mindedness

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10
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH
1.
2.
3.
are keys to scientific attitudes.

A

Curiosity
Skepticism
Open-mindedness

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11
Q

Used in everyday life to explain behavior;
hindsight is flawed because there are many possible
explanations and no way to access which is correct.

A

Hindsight

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12
Q

Psychologists prefer to test their understanding
through ___ ___ ___

A

Prediction
Control
Theory-building

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13
Q

Levels of Analysis:

A

Biological
Psychological
Environmental

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14
Q

Level of Brain processes, genetic
influences

A

Biological level

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15
Q

Level of Thoughts, feelings, and
motives.

A

Psychological level

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16
Q

Level of Past and current physical
and social environments to which we are
exposed.

A

Environmental level

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17
Q

Psychology as a Scientific Hub
5 branches

A

Biology
Medicine
Anthropology
Sociology
Computer Science

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18
Q

Scientific study of health and the causes and treatment of diseases

A

Medicine

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19
Q

The scientific study of life processes and biological structure

A

Biology

20
Q

The scientific study of cultural origins, evolution, and variations

A

Anthropology

20
Q

The scientific study of cultural origins, evolution and variations

A

Anthropology

21
Q

The scientific study of human social relations of system

A

Sociology

22
Q

The scientific study of information processing and manipulations of data

A

Computer science

23
Q

HISTORICAL AND MODERN PERSPECTIVES

A

PSYCHOANALYTIC/PSYCHODYNAMIC
BEHAVIORAL
HUMANISTIC
COGNITIVE
SOCIOCULTURAL
BIOLOGICAL
EVOLUTIONARY

24
Q

(Id, Ego, and Superego) Unconscious motives,
conflicts, and defense mechanisms that influence our
personality and behavior.

A

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

25
Q

emphasized how unconscious sexual and
aggressive impulses and childhood experiences
shape personality

A

Freud

26
Q

Emphasizes how the external environment and
learning shape behavior.

A

BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE

27
Q

believed that psychology
should only study observable stimuli and
responses, not unobservable mental processes.

A

Watson and Skinner

27
Q

believed that psychology
should only study observable stimuli and
responses, not unobservable mental processes.

A

Watson and Skinner

28
Q

Emphasizes personal freedom and choice,
psychological growth, and self-actualization.

A

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

29
Q

has contributed to research on the
self, the process of psychotherapy, and today’s
positive psychology movement.

A

Humanism

30
Q

Views humans as information processors who think,
judge, and solve problems.

A

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

31
Q

_________ maintains that much of what we
call reality is a creation of our own mental processes.

A

Social constructivism

32
Q

Examines how the social environment and cultural
learning influence behavior and thoughts.

A

SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

33
Q

With roots in physiology, medicine, and Darwin’s theory of
evolution, the biological perspective examines how
bodily functions regulate behavior.

A

BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

34
Q

Examines the adaptive functions of behaviors.

Seeks to explain how evolution predisposed humans
towards certain ways of behaving.

A

EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

35
Q

Behavior is strongly influenced by___________,
which are kept and passed on from one generation to the
next.

A

Inherited factors

36
Q

(as a science) is empirical. It favors
observation over pure intuition or reason as means of
attaining knowledge about behavior.

A

Psychology

37
Q

Psychologists also recognize that our personal experience
of the world is

A

Subjective

38
Q

Behavior is determined by multiple causal factors.

A

● Biological environment (nature)
● Learning environment (nurture)
● Psychological factors (e.g. thoughts and motives)

39
Q

is a means of adapting to environmental
demands.

A

Behavior

40
Q

____________ processes are affected
by the ___________ in which
we develop and live.

A

Behavior and cognitive; social and cultural environments

41
Q

Neurotransmitter systems do not operate
normally (leads to the use of antidepressants).

A

Biochemical:

42
Q

The psychological and physical ability
to withdraw and conserve one’s resources was
undoubtedly the most adaptive defense against an
environmental stressor such as unavoidable defeat and
personal loss–this perspective views depression as an
exaggerated form of this withdrawal process.

A

Evolutionary

43
Q

Pessimist thinking style, like blaming
themselves for negative things and taking little credit for
the good things; perfectionist expectations

A

Psychological

44
Q

Severe losses, rejections, or traumas in
childhood create a personality style that causes people to
overreact to setbacks, setting the stage for future
depression.

A

Psychodynamic:

45
Q

behaviorists propose that depression is a
reaction to a non-rewarding environment.

A

Environmental:

Psychology (4 decks)

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