Intro to Psych - Lauden

Question 1

What are the 5 axes of multiaxial psychiatric evaluation?

Answer 1

Axis 1-clinical disorders /diseases

Axis 2-Personality disorders and Mental retardation

Axis 3- Physical disorders/ General medical condition
(related and non related)

Axis 4-Psychosocial Environmental problemscontributing to current disorder (ex: unemployment)

Axis 5- Level of functioning

Axis 1+2 make entire mental disorders 17 major classifications/over 300 specific disorders

Question 2

What are the disorders classified under axes I and II?

Answer 2

Axis 1
Psychotic disorders:
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorder
Delusional disorder

Mood disorders:
Bipolar disorder
Major depression
Dysthymic disorder
Cyclothymic disorder

Anxiety disorders:
Panic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Phobias(social, specific, agoraphobia)
Post traumatic stress disorder

Mental d. d/t:
general medical condition
Substance related dis.
Delirium, Dementia, cognitive
amnestic disorders

Eating disorders
Somatoform disorders
Dissociative disorders
Sexual disorders
Sleep disorders
Impulse control disorders
Factitious disorder

Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood and adolescence:
ADHD
Tic dis.
PDD, Autistic dis.
Elimination dis.
Adjustment disorder

Axis 2
1. Personality Disorders:
Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Cluster B: Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial
Cluster C:Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive Compulsive
2. Mental Retardation

Question 3

What is the definition of a personality disorder (according to the DSM)?

Answer 3

Enduring experiences and behavior that deviate from cultural standards,are rigidly pervasive, maladaptive, + onset on adolescence or early adulthood, and stable through time. Lead to unhappiness, interpersonal difficulties and impairment.

More genetics than environment

Question 4

What is the definition of a delusion?

Answer 4

Delusions are fixed, false beliefs, strongly held and
immutable in the face of refuting evidence, that are not
consonant with the person’s education, social, and cultural background.
Subjectively, delusions are indistinguishable from
everyday beliefs. persecutory delusions today often take on contemporary political and social perspectives.

Can’t pursuade patient that they are illogical.

Classically: persecution, grandeur, influence, reference, etc.)

Question 5

What is the definition of a hallucination?

Answer 5

Hallucinations are perceptions that occur in the absence of corresponding sensory stimuli…can affect any sensory system.. The patient’s explanation for this is typically delusional.
-Hallucinations are experienced by many normal people under unusual conditions. Hypnagogic (between wake and sleep) and hypnopompic (between sleep and wake).
-Three types of auditory hallucinations commonly associated with schizophrenia (also seen less commonly in patients with psychotic depressions and mania) are: audible thoughts described as hallucinated voices that speak aloud what the patient is thinking; voices that give a running commentary on
the patient’s actions; and hearing two or more voices arguing with each other, often about the patient who is referred to in the third person.

Question 6

What are the qualities of moods, affects, and emotions?

Answer 6

Intensity (shallow to deep);
range (broad to narrow or flat);
stability (rigid to labile);
reactivity to external events (none to much);
periodicity (periodic to aperiodic);
congruence with thought content (congruent or appropriate to incongruent);
speed of resolution (rapid to slow);
and viscosity (evanescent to persistent).