Intro To Psych II Flashcards
Delusions
Fixed false beliefs
Anhedonia
Lack of enjoyment
Symptoms of depressions AAASSS
anergia(low mood)
Anhedonaia(loss of enjoyment)
Appetite loss
Sleep poor
Self esteem low
Suicidal
Depression treatments
Antidepressant
CBT
Social prescribing
Extracampine hallucinations
Hallucination arising outside the normal field of perception e.g. thinking you hear someone talking 1 mile away
Mania symptoms PROPEL IGO
Poor concentration
Rapid speech
Over-energised
Poor judgement
Elated mood
Little need for sleep/insomnia
Irritability
Grandiose (delusions)
Over-spending
Schizophrenia symptoms DADDHAS
Delusion
Abnormal behaviour
Disorganised speech
Disturbances of emotions
Hallucination
Apathy
Social withdrawal
Treatment of schizophrenia
Antipsychotic medications - Risperidone, Olanzapine, flupenthixol depot
Anxiety classification
- Generalised anxiety disorder- long term anxiety that you feel all the time- may wax and wane but stable anxiety
- Panic disorder- short bursts of panic attacks- can occur alongside generalised anxiety disorder
- Agoraphobia- fear of the marketplace and going out- hard to treat
- Simple phobia- common e.g. fear of snakes, spiders
- Social phobia- related to perception of scrutiny e.g. stage fright
Treatment of anxiety
- Social prescribing is done and is effective at managing it
- iAPT is the largest open access talking therapies programme in the world despite being heavily over subscribed
- No Health Without Mental Health (2011)
- Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) to manage symptoms
- Clomipramine prescribed for OCD and is effective
Cause of anxiety
Adrenaline release in positive feedback loop
What is the difference between trait and state anxiety?
- State anxiety- the state of being anxious, feeling unsafe, trapped, no control at times
- Transitory emotional state consisting of feelings of apprehension, nervousness, and physiological sequelae such as an increased heart rate or respiration
- Trait anxiety- adaptive modulations of automatic threat response i.e. how much it takes different people to become stressed e.g. some stress about exams from start of year whereas some only do right before exams like a week before. Comes about from environment (e.g. experiences of threat, insecurity) and genetic factors (e.g. polymorphisms of serotonergic and noradrenergic function)
- A lot of it is to do with attachment in early relationships one has where one learns as a child how to manage anxiety by getting it managed by others like parents (who soothe you as a baby for example) and then you learn how to balance anxiety with self-soothing
Rumination’s
Automatic negative thoughts about possible threats, bad things happening etc.
Anxiety disorder
A self-perpetuating network of positive feedback loops, arising from normally adaptive responses
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Physical anxiety symptoms PPTSSSDD
Palpitations
Paraesthesia (pins and needles)
Tremor
Splanchnic vasoconstriction (butterflies)
Sweating
Syncope (fainting/passing out)
Dry mouth
Depersonalisation
Reasons for non suicidal harm
Temporary relief
Released opioids which numbs patients lain
Which type of operant conditioning is addiction characterised by?
Repeated negative reinforcement
Obsession
An unbidden, intrusive thought, image, or urge that intrudes into consciousness; attempts to dispel it are difficult and typically lead to anxiety
What are obsessions associated with
Ego-dystonic thoughts
Repetitive, circular ruminations
May be bizarre and sound delusional
Insight maintained
Unbidden and resisted
Resistance leads to anxiety
Compulsions
Motor response to obsessional thoughts (motor response to obsessions)
- Often ritualistic, stereotyped and precise
- Start again if interrupted
OCD characterized by
Compulsive behavior
Intrusive thoughts
Eating disorder
Occurs when person distressed
Restric diet or over eat
Bulimia nervosa
When you are restricting your diet but eat
Causes purge (where you try and get rid of what you’ve eaten)
Psychosis
A group of pathologies which disrupt the process of perceiving and interpreting reality
Hallucinations + Delusions
- What are auditory verbal hallucinations?
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- Thoughts/internal monologue experienced as external/other
- Experienced by 5% of healthy pop
Schizophrenia
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech
5 causes of psychosis
Gene predisposition
Developmental adversity
Neurodevelopment
Life stresses
Drugs
Why might someone with psychosis become violent
They feel threatened
In PET scans of someone with schizophrenia, what is there an excess of?
Striatal dopamine
Consciousness
Parallel processing which is battery of unconscious processes
Dopamine as medicine
Dopamine blockade
Side ffects involve cardiac,sedation,muscarinic,metabolic eg diabetes and weight gain,
