Intro to Prokaryotes

Question 1

What macromolecule makes up cell walls ,flagella ,cytoplasm

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

What macromolecule makes up the cell membrane

Answer 2

Phospholipids

Question 3

In which structures would I find nucleic acid

Answer 3

DNA ,ribosomes ,plasmids ,nucleiod

Question 4

Cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria

Answer 4

Access in and out 
Metabolism 
Enzyme functions 
Energy production 
Communication 
Motility (gives energy to flagella )

Question 5

What helps bacteria not get dried out ,evade phagocytosis and prevent bacteriophage attachment

Answer 5

Capsule and slime layer

Question 6

How does bacteria change location

Answer 6

Using flagella

Question 7

What keeps the bacteria cell rigid

Answer 7

The cell wall

Question 8

Peptidoglycan

Answer 8

Multilayered mesh
Gives cell shape
Maintains osmotic integrity

Question 9

In which bacteria cell is peptidoglycan thicker ,gram positive or gram negative

Answer 9

Gram positive

Question 10

What is unique In gram positive bacteria

Answer 10

Techoic acid and lipotechoic acid

Question 11

Endospores

Answer 11

Survival adaptions from unfavorable environments (such as heat ,drying ,radiation ,chemicals )

Question 12

Endospores phases of life

Answer 12

Sporulation

Germination

Question 13

Sporulation

Answer 13

Formation of the endospore

Question 14

Germination of endospore

Answer 14

Return to vegetative growth when conditions are right

Question 15

Gram negative location of periplasm

Answer 15

Between cell membrane and outer membrane

Question 16

Gram positive location of periplasm

Answer 16

Between the cell membrane and the peptidoglycan

Question 17

What are the roles of periplasm

Answer 17

Transport
Breakdown of food molecules
Chemoreceptors

Question 18

What is unique to gram negative

Answer 18

It has an outer membrane

Question 19

Porins

Answer 19

Proteins that form channels through the membrane

Question 20

Roles of the outer membrane

Answer 20

Part of bacterial defense against antibiotics

Not permeable you proteins or large molecules

Question 21

What is the outermost layer of the outer membrane

Answer 21

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 22

Lipopolysaccharide

Answer 22

Important antigen

Contributes to symptoms of gram negative infections

Question 23

What are the 3 components of the LPS

Answer 23

O antigen
Core polysaccharide (10-15 sugars )
Lipid A

Question 24

What does the lipid A in LPS do

Answer 24

It anchors the LPS in the phospholipid layer

The toxic component

Question 25

True or false the slime layer is loosely organized

Answer 25

False the slime layer is highly organized whereas the capsule is loosely organized

Question 26

Which layer is thicker the slime layer or the capsule

Answer 26

The slime layer

Question 27

It is easy to remove the __________ | Capsule/slime layer

Answer 27

Capsule

Question 28

The fimbrae and the pillus have the same ranges of diameters .True or false

Answer 28

True they both have a diameter of 2-10 nm

Question 29

The fimbrae is longer that the pillus .True or False

Answer 29

False the fimbrae is 1-2 microns long whereas the pillus is 10-20 microns long

Question 30

Atrichous means

Answer 30

There’s no flagella

Question 31

A flagella on either side is called

Answer 31

Polar

Question 32

A bunch of flagella on one side is called

Answer 32

Lophotrichous

Question 33

Amphitrichous

Answer 33

Flagella on two sides of the cell

Question 34

Petitrichous

Answer 34

Flagella all around

Question 35

When a cell in moving in attractant gradient what is the motion

Answer 35

It has more runs and fewer tumbles