Intro To Physiology Flashcards
What are the six levels of organization in the body?
- chemical
- cellular
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
List all body systems and main function(s) of each
Integumentary (skin) - protect
Skeletal - support, protect & move
Muscular - move
Nervous - detect & process sensory info, control voluntary & involuntary response
Cardiovascular - circulate from heart, blood, vessels
Lymphatic - connects circulatory to immune systems (spleen, thymus)
Respiratory - bring oxygen to circulatory & receive co2 from blood
Endocrine - work w/ nervous system to affect long term change (secrete hormones)
Reproductive
Digestive - metabolize
Urinary - excrete waste
What are the necessary functions for life?
Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, digestion, excretion, reproduction, growth
Define homeostasis
State of equilibrium/stability in internal conditions in a constantly changing environment
- maintained by each system continuously altering its active state
What kind of adjustments are made to maintain homeostasis? (WNL)
Calcium, hydrogen, sodium levels
Volume of blood
Blood pressure
Hormone levels
Body temperature
What are the two forms of reproduction?
Cell division (mitosis)
Propagate species (meiosis)
What is the purpose of a feedback system?
Maintain homeostasis, constantly monitor particular variable, increase or decrease said variable
Negative feedback loop
Inhibits change (thermometer, blood pressure)
Positive feedback loop
Stimulate and culminate
Ex. Hunger & oxytocin in birth
Define:
Variable
Stimulus
Receptor
Control center
Effectors
Variable - controlled condition being managed
Stimulus - “stressor”
Receptor - monitors variable & sends input to control center
Control center - brain; determine response needed
Effectors - structures that provide means for brain response
What’s the smallest unit?
Atom
What are molecules?
2 or more atoms
What are compounds?
2 or more elements
What kind of bonds don’t share electrons?
Ionic bonds
What is the most abundant protein?
Collagen
