Ch. 4 - Spine & Thorax

Question 1

How many vertebrae are in each region of the spine?

Answer 1

Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacrum: 5 fused
Coccyx: 2-4 fused

Question 2

What feature do thoracic vertebrae have?

Answer 2

Costal facets to articulate with ribs

Question 3

True ribs:
False ribs:
Floating ribs:

Answer 3

True: 1-7
False: 8-12
Floating 11 & 12

Question 4

Which vertebrae have transverse foramen for the vertebral artery to run through?

Answer 4

Cervical

Question 5

What is distinctive about lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 5

Large, weight bearing vertebral body

Question 6

Erector spinae group is made up of:

Answer 6

Iliocostalis (most lateral)
Longissimus
Spinalis (most medial)

They unilaterally laterally flex vertebral column and bilaterally extend the vertebral column

Question 7

Transversospinalis group

Answer 7

Multifidi & rotatores

Actions:
Rotate and extend vertebral column

Origin:
Transverse processes

Insertion:
Spinous processes
(Multifidi span 3-4 vertebrae)
(Rotatores span 1-2)

Question 8

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 8

Actions:
Unilaterally elevates pelvis
Laterally flexes vertebral column

Origin:
Posterior iliac crest

Insertion:
12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4

Question 9

Rectus abdominis

Answer 9

Action:
Flex vertebral column

Origin:
Pubic symphysis

Insertion:
Costalcartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

Question 10

External obliques (action only)

Answer 10

Rotate vertebral column and bilaterally flex vertebral column

Question 11

Internal obliques (action only)

Answer 11

Rotate and flex vertebral column

Question 12

Transverse abdominis (action only)

Answer 12

Compress abdominal contents

(Deepest abdominal muscle)

Question 13

Diaphragm (action only)

Answer 13

Increase volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation