Ch. 2 - Shoulder & Arm

Question 1

Glenohumeral joint is made up of the:

Answer 1

Scapula and humerus
(Ball & socket joint)

Question 2

The sternoclavicular joint:

Answer 2

Is made up of the sternum and clavicle
(movement for lifting arm)

Question 3

Acromioclavicular joint:

Answer 3

Acromion + clavicle

Question 4

What is a tubercle?

Answer 4

Smaller bump than fossa

Question 5

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 5

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

(SITS)

Question 6

Where is the brachial artery located?

Answer 6

Runs between biceps and triceps brachii; can be felt in between these muscles on the medial side

Question 7

Agonist muscles on shoulder flexion:

Answer 7

Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Pectoralis major (upper fibers)
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachilias

(Antagonists on extension)

Question 8

Agonist muscles on extension:

Answer 8

Deltoid (posterior fibers)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Pectoralis major (lower fibers)
Triceps brachii (long head)

(Antagonists on flexion)

Question 9

Agonist muscles on shoulder horizontal abduction

Answer 9

Deltoid (posterior fibers)

(Antagonist on adduction)

Question 10

Agonist muscles on shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 10

Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Pectoralis major (upper fibers)

(Antagonists on horizontal abduction)

Question 11

Agonists on shoulder abduction

Answer 11

Deltoid
Supraspinatus

Question 12

Agonists on shoulder adduction

Answer 12

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Pectoralis major
Triceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

(Antagonists on abduction)

Question 13

Agonists on lateral rotation of shoulder:

Answer 13

Deltoid (posterior fibers)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 14

Agonist muscles on medial rotation of shoulder:

Answer 14

Deltoid (anterior fibers)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major

(Antagonists on lateral rotation)

Question 15

What muscle is the most superficial in the back/shoulder?

Answer 15

Trapezius

Question 16

Supra:

Answer 16

Above

Question 17

Deltoid

Answer 17

Actions:
(All fibers)
Abduct shoulder

(Anterior fibers)
Flex shoulder
Medically rotate shoulder
Horizontally adduct shoulder

(Posterior fibers)
Extend shoulder
Laterally rotate shoulder
Horizontally abduct shoulder

Origin:
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion:
Deltoid tuberosity

Question 18

Trapezius

Answer 18

Actions:

(Upper fibers)

Bilaterally Extend head and neck
(Unilaterally)
- laterally flex head to same side
- rotate head to opposite side
- Elevate scapula
- upwardly rotate scapula

(Middle fibers)
- adduct scapula
- stabilize scapula

(Lower fibers)
- depress scapula
- upwardly rotate scapula

Origin:
External occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of c-7 through t-12

Insertion:
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula

Question 19

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 19

Actions:

Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Medially rotate shoulder

Origin:
Inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of last six thoracic vertebrae, last three or four ribs, thoracolombar fascia, and posterior iliac crest

Insertion:
Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 20

Teres major

Answer 20

Actions:
Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Medially rotate shoulder

Origin:
Inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula

Insertion:
Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 21

Supraspinatus

Answer 21

Action:
Abduct shoulder
Stabilize head of humerus

Origin:
Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion:
Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 22

Infraspinatus

Answer 22

Action:
Laterally rotate shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Stabilize head of humerus

Origin:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion:
Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 23

Teres minor

Answer 23

Action:
Laterally rotate shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Stabilize head of humerus

Origin:
Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula

Insertion:
Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 24

Subscapularis

Answer 24

Action:
Medially rotate shoulder
Stabilize head of humerus

Origin:
Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion:
Lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 25

Rhomboid major

Answer 25

Action: Adduct scapula Elevate scapula Origin: Spinous processes of t-2 to t-5 Insertion: Medial border of scapula between the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle

Question 26

Rhomboid minor

Answer 26

Actions: Adduct scapula Elevate scapula Downwardly rotate scapula Origin: Spinous processes of c-7 and t-1 Insertion: Upper portion of medial border of scapula

Question 27

Levator scapula

Answer 27

Actions: (Unilaterally) Elevate scapula Downward rotate scapula Laterally flex head and neck Rotate head to same side (Bilaterally) Extend neck/head Origin: Transverse processes of c-1 through c-4

Question 28

Serratus anterior

Answer 28

Actions: Abduct scapula Upward rotate scapula Depress scapula Origin: External surfaces of upper eight or nine ribs Insertion: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Question 29

Pectoralis major

Answer 29

Actions: (All fibers) Adduct shoulder Medially rotate shoulder Elevate thorax (Upper fibers) Flex shoulder Horizontally adduct shoulder (Lower fibers) Extend shoulder Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of first through sixth ribs Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 30

Pectoralis minor

Answer 30

Actions: Depress scapula Abduct scapula Downwardly rotate scapula Origin: Third, fourth, and fifth ribs Insertion: Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula

Question 31

Biceps brachii

Answer 31

Action: Flex elbow Supinate forearm Flex shoulder Origin: Short head - coracoid process of scapula Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: Tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Question 32

Triceps brachii

Answer 32

Actions: (All heads) Extend elbow (Long head) Extend shoulder Adduct shoulder Origin: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head - posterior surface of proximal half of humerus Medial head - posterior surface of distal half of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Question 33

Coracobrachialis

Answer 33

Action: Flex shoulder Adduct shoulder Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft