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BDS1 > Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Why is understanding pathology important?

A 
To make correct diagnosis
Give correct treatment
Understanding other diseases and impact on dental treatment
To make referrals 
To advise and educate
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2
Q

What is pathology?

A

Study of disease

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3
Q

What are the oral symptoms of anaemia?

A

Red tongue, inflammation of gingiva

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4
Q

Oral symptoms of diabetes?

A

Xerostomia, bad breat, inflammation and tooth ddecay

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5
Q

Oral symptoms of anorexia/bulimia?

A

Erosion of ename. fillings raised above eroded surfaces, sensitivity, enlargment of parotid gland, sweet breath aroma

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6
Q

Oral symptoms of kidney failure?

A

Retarded tooth development in children, xerostomia, bad breath, ulcers on tongue and gingiva

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7
Q

Oral symptoms of HIV?

A

Unexplained sores, yeast infections, non-removable white patches on side of tongue

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8
Q

Oral symptoms of heart disease

A

Pain radiating to jaw which is caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle

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9
Q

What is aetiology

A

Causes of disease

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10
Q

What is pathogenesis

A

The progressive change as the disease develops

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11
Q

What is sequelae

A

Wether it gets better, persists or worsens

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12
Q

What is a symptom

A

Complaint by patient

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13
Q

What is the surgical sieve?

A

VIITAMIIN

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14
Q

What does the surgical sieve do?

A

Categorises disease

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15
Q

What does VIITAMIIN stand for?

A

Vascular, infective, inflammatory, trauma, autoimmune, metabolic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, neoplastic

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16
Q

What does iatrogenic mean?

A

Caused by medical examination or treatment

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17
Q

What are the first branches of the immune system?

A

Innate immunity, adaptive immunity

18
Q

What is the 1st line of defence?

A

Innate immunity

19
Q

What is the 2nd line of defence?

A

Adaptive immunity

20
Q

What are the 2nd branches of immunity (of each 1st branch)

A

Humoral, cellular

21
Q

What does humoral branch do?

A

Driven by macromolecules= antibodies

22
Q

What does cellular branch do?

A

Driven by cells such as T cells

23
Q

When is innate immunity effective?

A

First line of defence- 1,3 days, non specific responses

24
Q

Does innate immunity offer protective immunity?

A

No

25
Q

What is adaptive immunity specialised to do?

A

Specialised to recognise foreign substances or antigens in the body

26
Q

How does adaptive immunity recognise this?

A

Through receptors on B and T cells, to recognise the foreigns substances or antigens

27
Q

What does activation of B cells in adaptive immunity lead to?

A

Secretion of immunoglobulin (humoral)

28
Q

What does activation of T cells in adaptive immunity lead to?

A

T cells recognise antigenic determinants, or epitopes (cellular immunity)

29
Q

What are t cells activated by?

A

APC’s

30
Q

How long does it take adaptive immunity to develop?

A

4-10 days

31
Q

What are the roles of the lymphatic system?

A

Transport clean fluid to blood, drain fluid from tissues, remove debris from cells, transport fat

32
Q

What is inflammation?

A

One of the first responses by immune system

33
Q

What does inflammation aim to do?

A

Get rid of the inciting cause of disease

34
Q

What are inciting causes?

A

Foreign agents such as microorganisms, dust, altered self cells, malignant/cancerous cells

35
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A 
Rubor- redness
Tumour- swelling
Calor- heat
Dolor- pain
Functio laesa- loss of function
36
Q

What are the inflammatory events?

A

Initiation of reaction
Progression
Amplification
Resolution or failure to resolve

37
Q

What is progression?

A

Containment of harmful agents

38
Q

What is amplification?

A

fine tuning the immune response

39
Q

What does resolution lead to?

A

Acute inflammation

40
Q

What happens if there is a failure to resolve?

A

Chronic inflammation

BDS1 (3 decks)

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