Intro to Pathology Flashcards
Why is understanding pathology important?
To make correct diagnosis Give correct treatment Understanding other diseases and impact on dental treatment To make referrals To advise and educate
What is pathology?
Study of disease
What are the oral symptoms of anaemia?
Red tongue, inflammation of gingiva
Oral symptoms of diabetes?
Xerostomia, bad breat, inflammation and tooth ddecay
Oral symptoms of anorexia/bulimia?
Erosion of ename. fillings raised above eroded surfaces, sensitivity, enlargment of parotid gland, sweet breath aroma
Oral symptoms of kidney failure?
Retarded tooth development in children, xerostomia, bad breath, ulcers on tongue and gingiva
Oral symptoms of HIV?
Unexplained sores, yeast infections, non-removable white patches on side of tongue
Oral symptoms of heart disease
Pain radiating to jaw which is caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle
What is aetiology
Causes of disease
What is pathogenesis
The progressive change as the disease develops
What is sequelae
Wether it gets better, persists or worsens
What is a symptom
Complaint by patient
What is the surgical sieve?
VIITAMIIN
What does the surgical sieve do?
Categorises disease
What does VIITAMIIN stand for?
Vascular, infective, inflammatory, trauma, autoimmune, metabolic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, neoplastic
What does iatrogenic mean?
Caused by medical examination or treatment
What are the first branches of the immune system?
Innate immunity, adaptive immunity
What is the 1st line of defence?
Innate immunity
What is the 2nd line of defence?
Adaptive immunity
What are the 2nd branches of immunity (of each 1st branch)
Humoral, cellular
What does humoral branch do?
Driven by macromolecules= antibodies
What does cellular branch do?
Driven by cells such as T cells
When is innate immunity effective?
First line of defence- 1,3 days, non specific responses
Does innate immunity offer protective immunity?
No
What is adaptive immunity specialised to do?
Specialised to recognise foreign substances or antigens in the body
How does adaptive immunity recognise this?
Through receptors on B and T cells, to recognise the foreigns substances or antigens
What does activation of B cells in adaptive immunity lead to?
Secretion of immunoglobulin (humoral)
What does activation of T cells in adaptive immunity lead to?
T cells recognise antigenic determinants, or epitopes (cellular immunity)
What are t cells activated by?
APC’s
How long does it take adaptive immunity to develop?
4-10 days
What are the roles of the lymphatic system?
Transport clean fluid to blood, drain fluid from tissues, remove debris from cells, transport fat
What is inflammation?
One of the first responses by immune system
What does inflammation aim to do?
Get rid of the inciting cause of disease
What are inciting causes?
Foreign agents such as microorganisms, dust, altered self cells, malignant/cancerous cells
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Rubor- redness Tumour- swelling Calor- heat Dolor- pain Functio laesa- loss of function
What are the inflammatory events?
Initiation of reaction
Progression
Amplification
Resolution or failure to resolve
What is progression?
Containment of harmful agents
What is amplification?
fine tuning the immune response
What does resolution lead to?
Acute inflammation
What happens if there is a failure to resolve?
Chronic inflammation
