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Osteology 100 > Intro to Osteology > Flashcards

Intro to Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Ostelogy

A

Study of the human skeleton’s bones, including their functions, descriptions and landmarks

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2
Q

What is bone

A

Organic (living) tissue

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3
Q

What is bone made up of (2)

A

1) Organic Material

2) Minerals

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4
Q

What Organic Materials are in bone (2)

A

1) Cells

2) Collagen Fibres

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5
Q

Which Minerals are in bone (2)

A

1) Hydroxyapatite

2) Calcium Carbonate

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6
Q

Functions of Bone (6)

A

1) Support
2) Protection
3) Assistance in Movement
4) Mineral Homeostasis
5) Hemopoeisis
6) Triglyceride (fat) Storage

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7
Q

What is ‘Bone Remodelling’

A

The process of replacing old or damaged bone tissue

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8
Q

2 Processes of Bone Remodelling

A

1) Bone Reabsorption

2) Bone Deposition

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9
Q

What is Bone Reabsorption

A

Removal or ingestion of minerals and collagen fibres from the bone by osteoclasts

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10
Q

What is Bone Deposition

A

Addition or deposition of minerals and collagen fibres to the bone by osteoblasts

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11
Q

What type of cells are involved in bone reabsorption

A

Osteoclasts

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12
Q

What type of cells are involved in bone deposition

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

Which areas of bones require more frequent remodelling

A

The parts under greater stress

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14
Q

Where does bone remodelling occur

A

Along lines of mechanical stress

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15
Q

How do bones maintain calcium levels in blood

A

Bones release or absorb calcium to/from the blood to maintain homeostasis

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16
Q

Which hormones regulate the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions between blood and bone (2)

A

Parathyroid

Calcitonin

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17
Q

2 Types of Bone Structure

A

1) Compact/Dense

2) Spongy/Cancellous

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18
Q

Where is compact bone found

A

External layers of ALL bone

19
Q

Where is cancellous bone found

A

Interior of MOST bones

20
Q

What is the structure/shape of compact bone

A

Concentric rings

21
Q

What is the structure/shape of cancellous bone

A

Irregular latticework

22
Q

Types of Bone (6)

A 
Long
Short
Irregular
Flat 
Sesamoid
(Sutural)
23
Q

Describe Long Bones

A

Length is greater than width

Made of compact bone with cancellous bone at both ends

24
Q

Describe Short Bones

A

Length and width are close to equal (cubic shaped)

Mostly made up on cancellous bone w/ a thin layer of compact bone

25
Q

Describe Irregular Bones

A

Complex and varied shapes

Variable amounts of spongy and compact bone

26
Q

Describe Flat Bones

A

Thin bones comprised of two parallel plates of compact bone that surround a layer of spongy bone

27
Q

Describe Sesamoid Bones

A

Small bones found within a tendon where a large amount of friction occurs

28
Q

Function of Sesamoid Bones (2)

A
  • To protect the tendon and underlying joint from excessive wear and tear
  • Provide a mechanical advantage at a joint
29
Q

Describe Sutural (wormian) Bones

A

Very small bones located in the sutures between cranial bones

30
Q

Parts of a Long Bone (7)

A

1) Diaphysis
2) Epiphysis
3) Metaphysis
4) Medullary Cavity
5) Endosteum
6) Periosteum
7) Articular/Hyaline Cartilage

31
Q

What is the Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

32
Q

What is the Epiphysis

A

Distal and Proximal ends of a long bone

33
Q

What is the Metaphysis

A

The area between the Diaphysis and Epiphysis

34
Q

What is located at the Metaphysis of a mature bone

A

Epiphyseal line

35
Q

What is located at the Metaphysis of a growing bone

A

Growth plate

36
Q

What is the Medullary Cavity

A

The space within the Diaphysis

37
Q

In children, the Medullary Cavity contains…

A

Red Marrow

38
Q

In mature bone, what is in the Medullary Cavity

A

Yellow Marrow

39
Q

What is the Endosteum

A

A membrane (thin sheet of fascia) that lines the inside of the bone and surrounds the Medullary Cavity

40
Q

What is the Periosteum

A

Fibrous coating (fascia) that surrounds the outside of the bone to which ligaments and tendons attach themselves

41
Q

What does Articular/Hyaline Cartilage do

A

Covers the joint surfaces (epiphyses) to aid movement by reducing friction and increasing shock absorption

42
Q

What makes up the Appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral (shoulder) Girdle
Upper Extremities
Pelvic (hip) Girdle
Lower Extremities

43
Q

What makes up the Axial Skeleton

A

Skull
Thorax: Ribs and Sternum
Vertebral Column
Sacrum and Coccyx

Osteology 100 (10 decks)

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