Intro to ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Define malocclusion

A

Variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health or psychosocial implications for the individ

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2
Q

Define orthodontics

A

Concerned with growth of teeth, jaws and face

Moves teeth to improve occlusion, appearance = correct malocclusion

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3
Q

Name the types of ortho appliances

A

Fixed, functional, removable

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4
Q

Dentofacial orthopaedics?

A

Modify growth to improve relationship between facial bones

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5
Q

Func appliances are used when?

A

Class II pt

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6
Q

What can removable appliances do?

A

Make small changes to dentition e.g. single tooth movements

Usually in pts aged 8-10

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7
Q

Benefits of ortho?

A

Dental heath - caries (malocclusion could prevent toothbrush reaching tooth), PD, trauma, masticatory func and speech, unerupted/ectopic teeth
Psychosocial well being = improve confidence, positive social status (decrease teasing and bullying)

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8
Q

Risks/negatives of ortho?

A
Cost
Pain/discomfort
Incomplete treatment
Med disorders - bleeding, epilepsy, allergies
OH/gingivitis/PD
Demin/caries
Root resorption
Relapse
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9
Q

How are increased overjet and poor periodontal health associated?

A

Increased overjet = more self conscious about teeth = less likely to care for teeth

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10
Q

What can an increased overjet result in?

A

Trauma more likely

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11
Q

Functional/headgear - what is it and what does it treat?

A

2 phase treatment - age 8-10 and again in adolescence = fewer pts suffer trauma
OR observe - one phase treatment in adolescence
Treats overjet

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12
Q

What does ortho not improve?

A

Speech - pt already learnt how to speak

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13
Q

What can ectopic/unerupted teeth cause?

A

Resorption of surrounding roots due to ectopic maxillary canines (up to 50% causes resorption)
More common in girls
Cyst formation (rare)

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14
Q

Reasons for ortho (define health)?

A

Complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease

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15
Q

How long does pain last from fixed appliances?

A

Pain 6 hours after 1st fitting of fixed appliance, lasts 2-4 days

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16
Q

How much can maxillary incisor roots resorb by from ortho?

A

Mean resorption for maxillary incisors = 0.9mm

17
Q

What can cause root resorption/increase risk?

A

Genetic, systemic disease, age, nutrition

Short roots, history of trauma, blunt roots, increased overjets, ectopic canines

18
Q

What is the index of ortho treatment need (IOTN)?

A

2 part index to measure ortho treatment priority
Dental health component - grade 4 = great need, grade 5 = severe need for ortho (3 or under - do not need ortho on NHS)
Aesthetic component - grades 1-10 = who will benefit from psychosocial effects of ortho

19
Q

What is the peer assessment rating?

A

See how much improvement has been made

20
Q

Classification of occlusion?

A

Incisors (Brithish standards institute)

Buccal segments/molar relationship

21
Q

Incisor classification?

A

Position of lower incisor tip in relation to where it occludes with the upper incisor cingulum plateau

22
Q

Class I

A

Lower incisor tip occludes with or below the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor

23
Q

Class II div 1

A

Lower incisor tip occludes behind the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Upper centrals are proclined or have an average inclination

24
Q

Class II div 2

A

Lower incisor tip occludes behind the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Upper centrals are retroclined

25
Class III
Lower incisor tip occludes in front of cingulum plateau of upper incisor
26
Buccal segments/molar relationship class I?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes in the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6
27
Buccal segments/molar relationship class 2?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes anterior to the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6
28
Buccal segments/molar relationship 1/2 unit class II?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes cusp to cusp with the mesio-buccal cusp tip of the lower 6
29
Buccal segments/molar relationship class III?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes posterior to the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6
30
-Buccal segments/molar relationship 1/2 unit class III?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes with the disto-buccal cusp tip of the lower 6