Intro to ortho

Question 1

Define malocclusion

Answer 1

Variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health or psychosocial implications for the individ

Question 2

Define orthodontics

Answer 2

Concerned with growth of teeth, jaws and face

Moves teeth to improve occlusion, appearance = correct malocclusion

Question 3

Name the types of ortho appliances

Answer 3

Fixed, functional, removable

Question 4

Dentofacial orthopaedics?

Answer 4

Modify growth to improve relationship between facial bones

Question 5

Func appliances are used when?

Answer 5

Class II pt

Question 6

What can removable appliances do?

Answer 6

Make small changes to dentition e.g. single tooth movements

Usually in pts aged 8-10

Question 7

Benefits of ortho?

Answer 7

Dental heath - caries (malocclusion could prevent toothbrush reaching tooth), PD, trauma, masticatory func and speech, unerupted/ectopic teeth
Psychosocial well being = improve confidence, positive social status (decrease teasing and bullying)

Question 8

Risks/negatives of ortho?

Answer 8

Cost
Pain/discomfort
Incomplete treatment
Med disorders - bleeding, epilepsy, allergies
OH/gingivitis/PD
Demin/caries
Root resorption
Relapse

Question 9

How are increased overjet and poor periodontal health associated?

Answer 9

Increased overjet = more self conscious about teeth = less likely to care for teeth

Question 10

What can an increased overjet result in?

Answer 10

Trauma more likely

Question 11

Functional/headgear - what is it and what does it treat?

Answer 11

2 phase treatment - age 8-10 and again in adolescence = fewer pts suffer trauma
OR observe - one phase treatment in adolescence
Treats overjet

Question 12

What does ortho not improve?

Answer 12

Speech - pt already learnt how to speak

Question 13

What can ectopic/unerupted teeth cause?

Answer 13

Resorption of surrounding roots due to ectopic maxillary canines (up to 50% causes resorption)
More common in girls
Cyst formation (rare)

Question 14

Reasons for ortho (define health)?

Answer 14

Complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease

Question 15

How long does pain last from fixed appliances?

Answer 15

Pain 6 hours after 1st fitting of fixed appliance, lasts 2-4 days

Question 16

How much can maxillary incisor roots resorb by from ortho?

Answer 16

Mean resorption for maxillary incisors = 0.9mm

Question 17

What can cause root resorption/increase risk?

Answer 17

Genetic, systemic disease, age, nutrition

Short roots, history of trauma, blunt roots, increased overjets, ectopic canines

Question 18

What is the index of ortho treatment need (IOTN)?

Answer 18

2 part index to measure ortho treatment priority
Dental health component - grade 4 = great need, grade 5 = severe need for ortho (3 or under - do not need ortho on NHS)
Aesthetic component - grades 1-10 = who will benefit from psychosocial effects of ortho

Question 19

What is the peer assessment rating?

Answer 19

See how much improvement has been made

Question 20

Classification of occlusion?

Answer 20

Incisors (Brithish standards institute)

Buccal segments/molar relationship

Question 21

Incisor classification?

Answer 21

Position of lower incisor tip in relation to where it occludes with the upper incisor cingulum plateau

Question 22

Class I

Answer 22

Lower incisor tip occludes with or below the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor

Question 23

Class II div 1

Answer 23

Lower incisor tip occludes behind the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Upper centrals are proclined or have an average inclination

Question 24

Class II div 2

Answer 24

Lower incisor tip occludes behind the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Upper centrals are retroclined

Question 25

Class III

Answer 25

Lower incisor tip occludes in front of cingulum plateau of upper incisor

Question 26

Buccal segments/molar relationship class I?

Answer 26

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes in the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6

Question 27

Buccal segments/molar relationship class 2?

Answer 27

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes anterior to the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6

Question 28

Buccal segments/molar relationship 1/2 unit class II?

Answer 28

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes cusp to cusp with the mesio-buccal cusp tip of the lower 6

Question 29

Buccal segments/molar relationship class III?

Answer 29

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes posterior to the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6

Question 30

-Buccal segments/molar relationship 1/2 unit class III?

Answer 30

Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes with the disto-buccal cusp tip of the lower 6