Intro to ortho Flashcards
Define malocclusion
Variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health or psychosocial implications for the individ
Define orthodontics
Concerned with growth of teeth, jaws and face
Moves teeth to improve occlusion, appearance = correct malocclusion
Name the types of ortho appliances
Fixed, functional, removable
Dentofacial orthopaedics?
Modify growth to improve relationship between facial bones
Func appliances are used when?
Class II pt
What can removable appliances do?
Make small changes to dentition e.g. single tooth movements
Usually in pts aged 8-10
Benefits of ortho?
Dental heath - caries (malocclusion could prevent toothbrush reaching tooth), PD, trauma, masticatory func and speech, unerupted/ectopic teeth
Psychosocial well being = improve confidence, positive social status (decrease teasing and bullying)
Risks/negatives of ortho?
Cost Pain/discomfort Incomplete treatment Med disorders - bleeding, epilepsy, allergies OH/gingivitis/PD Demin/caries Root resorption Relapse
How are increased overjet and poor periodontal health associated?
Increased overjet = more self conscious about teeth = less likely to care for teeth
What can an increased overjet result in?
Trauma more likely
Functional/headgear - what is it and what does it treat?
2 phase treatment - age 8-10 and again in adolescence = fewer pts suffer trauma
OR observe - one phase treatment in adolescence
Treats overjet
What does ortho not improve?
Speech - pt already learnt how to speak
What can ectopic/unerupted teeth cause?
Resorption of surrounding roots due to ectopic maxillary canines (up to 50% causes resorption)
More common in girls
Cyst formation (rare)
Reasons for ortho (define health)?
Complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
How long does pain last from fixed appliances?
Pain 6 hours after 1st fitting of fixed appliance, lasts 2-4 days
How much can maxillary incisor roots resorb by from ortho?
Mean resorption for maxillary incisors = 0.9mm
What can cause root resorption/increase risk?
Genetic, systemic disease, age, nutrition
Short roots, history of trauma, blunt roots, increased overjets, ectopic canines
What is the index of ortho treatment need (IOTN)?
2 part index to measure ortho treatment priority
Dental health component - grade 4 = great need, grade 5 = severe need for ortho (3 or under - do not need ortho on NHS)
Aesthetic component - grades 1-10 = who will benefit from psychosocial effects of ortho
What is the peer assessment rating?
See how much improvement has been made
Classification of occlusion?
Incisors (Brithish standards institute)
Buccal segments/molar relationship
Incisor classification?
Position of lower incisor tip in relation to where it occludes with the upper incisor cingulum plateau
Class I
Lower incisor tip occludes with or below the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Class II div 1
Lower incisor tip occludes behind the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Upper centrals are proclined or have an average inclination
Class II div 2
Lower incisor tip occludes behind the cingulum plateau of the upper incisor
Upper centrals are retroclined
Class III
Lower incisor tip occludes in front of cingulum plateau of upper incisor
Buccal segments/molar relationship class I?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes in the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6
Buccal segments/molar relationship class 2?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes anterior to the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6
Buccal segments/molar relationship 1/2 unit class II?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes cusp to cusp with the mesio-buccal cusp tip of the lower 6
Buccal segments/molar relationship class III?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes posterior to the mid-buccal groove of the lower 6
-Buccal segments/molar relationship 1/2 unit class III?
Mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper 6 occludes with the disto-buccal cusp tip of the lower 6
