Fixed appliances in Ortho - Theory and Components

Question 1

List the types of tooth movements

Answer 1

Tipping
Bodily movement
Rotation
Torque
Vertical movements - extrusion, intrusion

Question 2

What type of movement can removable appliances do?

Answer 2

Tipping

Question 3

What are the problems of fixed appliances?

Answer 3

Enamel demin/caries
Root resorption
Periodontal problems - gingivitis/gingival hyperplasia
Unwanted tooth movements
Pulp devitalisation
Soft tissue lacerations
Allergies
Pain

Question 4

Positives of fixed appliances?

Answer 4

Good tooth alignment
Corrects rotations, controlled tipping and torque control
Good space closure (bodily movement)

Question 5

List the components of fixed appliances

Answer 5

Brackets
Molar tubes/bands
Archwires
Auxiliaries

Question 6

Name the components of a bracket

Answer 6

Tie wings

Slots

Question 7

Name the types of wires and their uses

Answer 7

Round wires - initial tooth alignment

Rectangular wires - space closure and final alignment

Question 8

Name the bracket materials

Answer 8

Metal - stainless steel
Plastic
Ceramic

Question 9

What is the bracket base made of?

Answer 9

Foil mesh

Question 10

List the types of aesthetic brackets

Answer 10

Plastic
Ceramic
Lingual

Question 11

Problems of plastic brackets?

Answer 11

Fracture
Distortion
Discolouration

Question 12

Problems of ceramic brackets?

Answer 12

Fracture - in use, debonding
Abrasion of other teeth
Increased friction
Cost

Question 13

When can ceramic brackets be used?

Answer 13

Upper arch only

Lower arch if no overbite (can wear uppers if OB)

Question 14

Negatives of lingual appliances?

Answer 14

Difficult technique
Cost
Traumatic to tongue

Question 15

Components of upper and lower molar tubes?

Answer 15

Upper:

• Additional tube for headgear - do not use for A/W
• Hook for auxillaries

Lower:

• Single tube for archwire
• Hook for auxiliaries

Question 16

How to separate teeth for molar bands?

Answer 16

Separators for 1 week

• More comfortable
• Easier for operator
• More accurate band selection

Question 17

Problems with molar tubes - direct bond?

Answer 17

Difficult isolation from moisture - more likely to debond
Problems with wire if debonds
Can’t use with headgear

Question 18

Name the types of archwires and their functions

Answer 18

Active archwires - move teeth with wire - light forces, flexible (nickel titanium (for alignment)
Passive archwires - move teeth along wire - rigid (stainless steel for bodily movement of teeth)

Question 19

What are archwires made out of?

Answer 19

Nickel titanium:
- Super-elastic
- Heat activated
Stainless steel

Question 20

Attaching archwire?

Answer 20

Elastic modulus
Wire ligatures (quick ties)

Question 21

What can auxiliaries be?

Answer 21

Elastics, springs

Question 22

Examples of elastic auxiliaries?

Answer 22

Elastic bands
Powerchain
Zing string
E-links
Traction ligatures

Question 23

Examples of spring auxiliaries?

Answer 23

Push coil/coil spring
- Stainless steel
- Nickel titanium
Closing coil/retraction springs
- Nickel titanium

Question 24

What are weingarts for?

Answer 24

Grips archwires

Question 25

What do tuckers do?

Answer 25

Tucks ends of quickties

Question 26

Adams pliers function?

Answer 26

Makes bends in archwires or adjust clamps on removable appliances

Question 27

What do lightwire plier cutters do?

Answer 27

Cut light wires/elastic

Question 28

Function of crown shears?

Answer 28

Cut end of quickties

Question 29

Distal end cutter function?

Answer 29

Cut end of archwires