Intro to organic chem: Fuel and petroleum Flashcards
1
Q
Coal
A
- solid
- composed by mainly carbon
- not easily transported or stored
- large amt of soot & SO2 produced (extremely polluting)
2
Q
Petroleum (crude oil)
A
- liquid (sticky, foul smelling, dark brown)
- mixture of hydrocarbons (mainly alkanes)
- stored and transported easily by tankers
- flow thru pipes easily
- moderately polluting (moderate amt of soot and SO2 produced)
3
Q
Natural gas (methane)
A
- gas
- mixture of hydrocarbons (95% methane)
- liquefied easily, stored in tanks
- flow thru pipes easily
- almost no pollutants, no soot or SO2 produced
4
Q
Fossil fuels
A
- petroleum, coal and natural gas
- formed from remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago
5
Q
How is petroleum (crude oil) separated?
A
- fractional distillation
- in oil refineries
- based on diff bp
6
Q
Fractional distillation
A
- 7 fractions of petroleum
- each fraction obtained is still a mixture of hydrocarbons which boils over a range of temperatures
- hydrocarbon with more carbon atoms has a higher bp
7
Q
Fraction distillation process
A
- petroleum heated at furnace
- vaporises, passed onto the fractionating column
- hot vapour rises up column, begins to cool and condense, collected near the top (each fraction condense at diff temps due to diff bp)
- lower bp fractions condense and are collected near top (vice versa)
8
Q
Petroleum gas
A
- fuel for heating and cooking
- lowest bp, most volatile
- most flammable
- least viscous
- lightest colour
9
Q
Petrol (Gasoline)
A
- fuel in cars
10
Q
Naphtha
A
- raw material for making petrochemicals
- e.g. alcohols, medicines, detergents, plastics
11
Q
Kerosene (Paraffin)
A
- fuel for heating,
- cooking using oil stoves,
- aircraft engines
12
Q
Diesel Oil
A
- fuel for diesel engines of buses, lorries and ships
13
Q
Lubricating Oil
A
- lubricants
- making waxes and polishes
14
Q
Bitumen
A
- make road surfaces
- roofing
- highest bp
- most viscous
- least flammable
- darkest colour
