intro to organic chem

Question 1

what is a general formula

Answer 1

-Is an algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals in the ‘family’.

E.g. CnH2n+2 for alkanes

Question 2

what is a molecular formula

Answer 2

-The actual number of atoms in a molecule or element.

Eg. C2H6

Question 3

What is and empirical formula

Answer 3

-The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Eg. C2H6 - CH3

Question 4

what is a structural formula

Answer 4

The arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds.

Eg. Butan-1-ol CH3,CH2,CH2,CH2,OH

Question 5

what is a skeletal formula

Answer 5

-Show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only. Hydrogen and carbon atoms not shown but functional groups are.

Question 6

what is a displayed formula

Answer 6

-Show the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule

Question 7

What is a structural isomer

Answer 7

-Structural Isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

-There are 3 types of structural isomers - 1. Chain 2. Positional 3. Functional Group

Question 8

what is a chain isomer

Answer 8

-Same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton.

Question 9

what is a positional isomer

Answer 9

-Same molecular formula but different position of the functidnal group on the carbon skeleton.

Question 10

what is a functional group isomer

Answer 10

-Same molecular formula but different functional group.

Question 11

What are stereoisomers

Answer 11

-Stereoisomers have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space. An exanple is E/Z isomerism