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Anatomy and Physio > Intro to Organ Systems > Flashcards

Intro to Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 4 main functions of life that are carried out by organ systems

A
  1. Exchange w/ the environment
  2. Transport of fluids
  3. Providing structure, protection and movement
  4. Regulating internal processes
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2
Q

Explain which organ systems carry out each of the 4 main functions of life

A
  1. Exchange w/ the environment - Respiratory and Digestive system
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3
Q

Explain which organ systems carry out each of the 4 main functions of life

A
  1. Transport of fluids - Cardiovascular, lymphatic, and urinary systems
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4
Q

Explain which organ systems carry out each of the 4 main functions of life

A
  1. Structure, protection, movement - Integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems
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5
Q

Explain which organ systems carry out each of the 4 main functions of life

A
  1. Regulation of processes - Nervous and endocrine systems
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6
Q

List the Digestive System organs from top to bottom

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Pancreas
  5. Small Intestine
  6. Large Intestine (colon)
  7. Anus
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7
Q

What organ allows for efficient nutrient absorption and why?

A

Small Intestine - Has many folds to increase surface area allowing time needed to absorb nutrients

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8
Q

Where is excess water absorbed in the digestive system?

A

Large Intestine

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9
Q

List the major components of the skeletal system.

A

206 Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons

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10
Q

What are the living cells inside of bones called and what is their function?

A

Osteocytes, they sense and respond to stress

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11
Q

What two main minerals are stored in our bones?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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12
Q

Quickly explain the relationship of the skeletal structures

A

Bones, cartilage acts as a sponge for articulations (joints) so there is no bones grinding, ligaments connect bones together, tendons attach muscles to bones.

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13
Q

What important role does red bone marrow play in the body?

A

Critical to hematopoiesis, which is the creation of blood cells

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14
Q

What protein is critical to the skeletal system and what is its function?

A

Collagen, it provides flexibility

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15
Q

List the renal organs from top to bottom

A

Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

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16
Q

Quickly describe the renal process

A

Kidney filters blood and absorbs nutrients, leaves wastes in form of urine, urine goes down ureter to bladder, and out of the urethra

17
Q

What are some variables that the kidneys help to regulate?

A

Body fluid volume, blood pressure, pH and Electrolyte balance.

18
Q

List the nervous system organs from top to bottom

A

Cranial nerves (very top)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves

19
Q

Why is the nervous system usually discussed in two parts?

A

The central nervous system receives information and decides/communicates the response. (Brain)
The peripheral nervous system, receives info from central nervous system, and carries out the motor functions needed (Body)

20
Q

List the lymphatic system organs from top to bottom

A 
Adenoids
Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph Vessel
Spleen
Bone Marrow
21
Q

What are the two main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. transport extracellular fluid that has leaked from the capillaries and return it to the the cardiovascular system
  2. house cells that participate in immunity.
22
Q

List the organs of the male reproductive system

A 
Penis
Scrotum
Testes
Epididymis
Prostate gland
23
Q

List the organs of the female reproductive system

A 
Ovaries
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Clitoris
Mammary glands
24
Q

List the organs of the respiratory system

A 
Nose
Mouth
Trachea
Lungs: Bronchi (singular bronchus)
            Alveoli (singular alveolus)
25
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment.

26
Q

List the organs of the integumentary system

A

Skin
Hair, nails
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands

27
Q

What vitamin does skin make?

A

Vitamin D

28
Q

What waste is excreted by skin and how?

A

Urea is excreted through sweat.

29
Q

List the primary endocrine system organs from top to bottom.

A 
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Ovaries/Testes
30
Q

What is referred to as the ‘master gland’ and why?

A

The pituitary gland controls all of the other glands.

Anatomy and Physio (4 decks)

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