Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physio > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main components of a cell?

A

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus?

A

The nuclear envelope, allows info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are ribosomes assembled?

A

In the nucleolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are proteins assembled?

A

The ribosomes sitting on the rough ER.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is assembled in the smooth ER?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the function of the golgi apparatus…

A

The golgi, contains two parts, vesicles that take proteins and expel them outside of the cell and to other parts of the cell, and vacuoles that store proteins and enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is microvilli and its funtion?

A

Microvilli increase cell surface area in order to enhance absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What role do carbs play in the cell membrane?

A

Carbohydrate groups give the cell its identity. Ex. blood type is determined by which carb group is attached to the red blood cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the main functions of proteins at the membrane?

A

Metabolism
Adhesion
Communication
Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of membrane proteins?

A

Integral, imbedded in the membrane, transport

Peripheral, attached to the outside, communication and adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What molecule helps the membrane maintain fluidity?

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main lipid of the membrane?

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What circumstances can influence diffusion and how?

A

Heat speeds it up, thickness (viscosity) slows it down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the order of molecules most to least likely to pass.

A

Small nonpolar, large nonpolar, small polar, small charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic

A

Isotonic - solution closely matches living cells, nothing happens
Hypotonic - pure distilled water, cells will take on more water to they point they could burst
Hypertonic - high solute, salty/sugary, cells will lose water and shrink trying to give solution more water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is salt and sugar used as preservatives?

A

Salt and sugar make environments hypertonic, this pulls water out of the cells which prevents mold.

17
Q

Explain filtration…

A

the movement of fluid and small molecules driven by hydrostatic pressure.

18
Q

How does high blood pressure causes kidney damage?

A

It increases the frequency of filtration so much so that the kidney is overworked and the glomerular membrane gets damaged.

19
Q

Explain the relationship between endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis

A

Endocytosis is the process by engulfing something so it enters the cell, phagocytosis is for solids, pinocytosis is for liquids.

20
Q

What process do neurons use to release neurotransmitters?

A

Exocytosis

21
Q

What process does the body use to “eat” cancer cells?

A

Phagocytosis

22
Q

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

A

Apoptosis is voluntary cell death after serving a purpose. Necrosis is cells dying due to damage of some kind.

23
Q

What are the 4 main categories of tissues?

A

Muscular - movement/contraction
Nervous - communication
Connective - rigidity/structure
Epithelial - organ lining and protection

24
Q

What are the three types of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar

25
Q

Explain the three different type of epithelial layers?

A

Simple (one layer)
Stratified (multilayer)
Pseudostratified (appears multilayer, but is really one)

26
Q

What connects epithelial cells to one another?

A

Cell junctions called desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

27
Q

Which type of junctions would allow the least movement of material?

A

Tight junctions

28
Q

Which type of junctions would allow the most movement of material?

A

Gap junctions

29
Q

What are the tree different types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth

30
Q

Explain the three different muscle functions…

A

Skeletal - traditional muscle, large amt. of force
Cardiac - heart muscle, contracts to move blood
Smooth - lines the walls of organs, moves substances

31
Q

What two main components make up nervous tissue?

A

Neurons - signaling

Glia - supporting cells

32
Q

Which type of tissue has the highest amt. of extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue

33
Q

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

A

Store energy, bind tissues together, transport substances (blood is a connective tissue)

34
Q

What substance makes up most of connective tissue extracellular matrix?

A

Collagen

35
Q

What is the extracellular matrix of blood?

A

Plasma

36
Q

What are the cell types of bone and cartilage?

A

Osteocytes and chondrocytes

37
Q

What do both bone and cartilage use for their matrix?

A

Collagen

38
Q

Although cartilage is NOT mineralized, what minerals make up bone?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

Anatomy and Physio (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions