Intro to Anatomy and Physio

Question 1

4 Main Themes Reoccurring in the course

Answer 1

1. Body has hierarchical levels
2. Structure determines function
3. Body’s goal is to maintain homeostasis
4. Organs systems work together to maintain homeostatis

Question 2

Define/Describe the three body planes.

Answer 2

1. Sagittal - through middle of nose, divides body from left to right
2. Coronal - through middle of ears, divides body from front to back
3. Transverse - through the waist, divides body from top to bottom

Question 3

What are the 6 main body directions?

Answer 3

Superior - Cephalic (Top)
Inferior - Caudal (Bottom)
Posterior - Dorsal (Back)
Anterior - Ventral (Front)
Medial - midline
Lateral - the side

Question 4

What are the 4 main appendicular terms?

Answer 4

Proximal - Near
Distal - away
Superficial - toward the surface
Deep - internal (away from the surface)

Question 5

Regions of the Head

Answer 5

Cephalic - Head
Orbital - Eye
Nasal - Nose
Buccal - Cheek
Oral - Mouth
Cervical - Neck

Question 6

The Extremities from Top to Bottom

Answer 6

Brachial - Arm
Carpal - Wrist
Manual - Hand
Digital - Fingers
Coxal - Hips
Femoral - Upper Leg
Crural - Lower leg
Pedal - Feet
Digital - Toes

Question 7

Regions of the Front Trunk (top to bottom)

Answer 7

Thoracic - Chest
Abdominal - Abdomen
Pelvic - Pelvis
Inguinal - Groin

Question 8

Regions of the Back Trunk (top to bottom)

Answer 8

Dorsal - Upper back
Lumbar - Lower back
Sacral - Tailbone
Vertebral - Overall Back

Question 9

Define/Describe the 2 Main Dorsal (Back) Cavities

Answer 9

1. Cranial cavity for the brain

2. Vertebral cavity for the spine

Question 10

Define/Describe the 3 Main Ventral (Front) Cavities

Answer 10

1. Thoracic cavity for the lungs and heart
2. Abdominal cavity for the digestive and metabolic organs
3. Pelvic cavity for the reproductive organs

Question 11

Explain the process and components of a feedback loop.

Answer 11

1. Internal event or external stimulus
2. Variable - Change in homeostasis
3. Receptor - Cells/Signals that recognize the change
4. Control Center - The Brain deciding what needs done to restore homeostasis
5. Effector - body system/function that will work to restore homeostasis

Question 12

Define Positive Feedback Loop and give an Ex.

Answer 12

a change in a given direction causes additional change in the same direction. Ex. Birthing contractions, increasing in intensity over time

Question 13

Define Negative Feedback Loop and give an Ex.

Answer 13

a change in a given direction causes change in the opposite direction. Ex. regulation of body temp.

Question 14

What is the physiological difference between a positive and negative feedback loop?

Answer 14

In positive feedback the effector moves the variable further away from the norm, in negative feedback the effector moves the variable closer to the norm