Intro to OCMM lecture and comp 1

Question 1

Where is the Bregma located?

Answer 1

At the confluence of coronal and saggital sutures

Question 2

Where is the pterion located?

Answer 2

At the confluence of frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones.

Question 3

where is the lambdoidal suture located?

Answer 3

on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone. It is continuous with the occipitomastoid suture. Its name comes from its lambda-like shape.

Question 4

What is the Lambda?

Answer 4

The confluence of lamdoidal sutures and saggital sutures.

Question 5

Where is the Asterion located?

Answer 5

The confluence of temporal, parietal and occiput.

Question 6

Foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are located on what bone? What structure passes through those foramena?

Answer 6

Sphenoid.
Ovale = CN V3
Spinosum = MMA

Question 7

Hypoglossal canal is located on what bone and what passes through that structure?

Answer 7

Occipital bone. CN XII

Question 8

Jugular foramen is located or/around what bone(s). what structure passes through?

Answer 8

Front portion is petrous portion of temporal bone and the back is by occipital. CN IX, X, and XI passes through.

Question 9

In what bone is foramen rotundum located and what structure passes through?

Answer 9

Sphenoid bone. CN V2

Question 10

Who is given credit for the range of motion, vectors of motion, and physiologic dynamics of cranial bones and intracranial structures; described a slow oscillating force in the cranial structures that would cause movement in the cranial bones and primary respiratory mechanism?

Answer 10

William Sutherland, D.O.

Question 11

Primary respiratory mechanism is defined as

Answer 11

The inherent driving force for cranial motion.
Primary: main internal tissue process of metabolism
Respiratory: exchange of gases
Mechanism: movement of tissue and fluid for a purpose

Question 12

what are the basic tenets of the classical cranial model?

Answer 12

1. Inherent motility of the CNS
2. Plasticity and elasticity of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes
3. Fluctuation of the CSF
4. Articular mobility and involuntary motion of the cranial bones
5. Articular mobility and involuntary motion of the sacrum between the ilia.

Question 13

who was responsible for providing a modern physiologic interpretation of Dr. Sutherlands thoughts using modern knownledge of cranial cV and CSF flows.

Answer 13

Moskalenko Y. et al

Question 14

What is reciprocal tension membrane?

Answer 14

Described by Sutherland which controls bone mobility related to cranial spinal dura, Falx cerebri and cerebelli and tentorium cereblli. This relates to tenets 2 of the classical cranial model.

Question 15

What is the modern interpretation of the dynamic relationship of the PRM, the bone mobility related to reciprocal tension membrane?

Answer 15

Changes in distance of fixed points are due to CSF fluctuations and reciprocal motion are determined by modulation role of the membranes.

Question 16

Sutherland described the functioning of the PRM as the brain being the motor for the PRM. what is the modern interpretation of that notion?

Answer 16

• slow periodic fluctuation of the blood volume and CSF pressure are responsible for brain tissue motion and skull bones. these fluctuations are functionally connected to chemical and physical homeostatic mechanisms of the brain tissue

Question 17

_ is the palpable expression of the primary respiratory mechanism

Answer 17

Cranial rhythmic impulse.

Question 18

Describe the motions of the CRI

Answer 18

flexion of midline bones is paired with external rotation of paired bones, and vice versa.
-normal rate is 10-14/min and can range from 6-14 as shown by research. Dr. Treffer wants us to know 6-14.

Question 19

True or false: CRI are linked to respiratory and circulatory physiologic mechanism.

Answer 19

False. CRI is it’s own entity within the cranium due to the dynamics of the bones, dura, CSF and etc.

Question 20

What are the fiver qualities of the CRI that can be evaluated?

Answer 20

• rate
• rhythm
• amplitude
• strength
• direction

Question 21

On what axis does the sphenoid rotate on?

Answer 21

transverse axis.

Question 22

During a SBS flexion, in what direction does the greater wings of the sphenoid move?

Answer 22

Anterior inferior direction

Question 23

On what axis does the occiput rotate on?

Answer 23

transverse axis.

Question 24

During cranial flexion, what happens to the AP diameter?

Answer 24

Gets shorter on the AP diameter and wider in the transverse diameter

Question 25

Who is responsible for the following:

• measured motion of the human skull
• pick mounted on the parietal bones
• found rhythm of bones which varied with subjects
• found that rhythm is not synchronized with breathing

Answer 25

Fryman (1971)

Question 26

Who used infrared device to measure CRI compared computer generated measurement vs skilled manual measurements?

Answer 26

Zanakis

Question 27

whose study noted the inconsistency between palpation and instrument measurements and is explained by the observation that clinicians correlated flexion with one TH oscillation and extension with one oscillation

Answer 27

Kenneth Nelson

Question 28

Whose study found in health people the continuous changes in cranial dimentsion (frontal and saggital section) with biphasic characteristic using 2-channel bioimpedence imaging and described cranial volume changes and found the rate to b 6-14. He also described interaction between intracranial hemodynamics and cSF circulation

Answer 28

Moskalenko

Question 29

who used laser doppler flowmetry and founded Traube-Hering-Meyer oscillation that correlated highly with CRI

Answer 29

Kenneth Nelson

Question 30

Who used MRI imagery of healthy human subjects to measure CRI?

Answer 30

Thomas Crow

Question 31

What is the SBS?

Answer 31

SBS is the reference point around which diagnostic motion patterns are described. Sphenobasilar synchondrosis

Question 32

Through what foramen do each of the cranial nerve exit the cranial vault?

Answer 32

CN I = cribiform plate (ethmoid bone)

CN II = optic foramen (sphenoid bone)
CN III-VI = superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone)

CN V2 = foramen rotundum (sphenoid)
CN V3 = ovale (sphenoid)

CN VII-VIII= Internal auditory canal –> stylomastoid foramen (temporal bone)

CN IX-XI = jugular jugular foramen (temporal and occipital bone)

CN XII = hypoglossal canal (occipital bone)

Question 33

what is Clinical significance of occipital-mastoid suture?

Answer 33

Ans: ?

Question 34

what are the finger position for a vault hold?

Answer 34

index on greater wings
3rd on front of ear
4th on mastoid 
5th on occiput
thumb off