Intro to OCMM lecture and comp 1 Flashcards
Where is the Bregma located?
At the confluence of coronal and saggital sutures
Where is the pterion located?
At the confluence of frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones.
where is the lambdoidal suture located?
on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone. It is continuous with the occipitomastoid suture. Its name comes from its lambda-like shape.
What is the Lambda?
The confluence of lamdoidal sutures and saggital sutures.
Where is the Asterion located?
The confluence of temporal, parietal and occiput.
Foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are located on what bone? What structure passes through those foramena?
Sphenoid.
Ovale = CN V3
Spinosum = MMA
Hypoglossal canal is located on what bone and what passes through that structure?
Occipital bone. CN XII
Jugular foramen is located or/around what bone(s). what structure passes through?
Front portion is petrous portion of temporal bone and the back is by occipital. CN IX, X, and XI passes through.
In what bone is foramen rotundum located and what structure passes through?
Sphenoid bone. CN V2
Who is given credit for the range of motion, vectors of motion, and physiologic dynamics of cranial bones and intracranial structures; described a slow oscillating force in the cranial structures that would cause movement in the cranial bones and primary respiratory mechanism?
William Sutherland, D.O.
Primary respiratory mechanism is defined as
The inherent driving force for cranial motion.
Primary: main internal tissue process of metabolism
Respiratory: exchange of gases
Mechanism: movement of tissue and fluid for a purpose
what are the basic tenets of the classical cranial model?
- Inherent motility of the CNS
- Plasticity and elasticity of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes
- Fluctuation of the CSF
- Articular mobility and involuntary motion of the cranial bones
- Articular mobility and involuntary motion of the sacrum between the ilia.
who was responsible for providing a modern physiologic interpretation of Dr. Sutherlands thoughts using modern knownledge of cranial cV and CSF flows.
Moskalenko Y. et al
What is reciprocal tension membrane?
Described by Sutherland which controls bone mobility related to cranial spinal dura, Falx cerebri and cerebelli and tentorium cereblli. This relates to tenets 2 of the classical cranial model.
What is the modern interpretation of the dynamic relationship of the PRM, the bone mobility related to reciprocal tension membrane?
Changes in distance of fixed points are due to CSF fluctuations and reciprocal motion are determined by modulation role of the membranes.
Sutherland described the functioning of the PRM as the brain being the motor for the PRM. what is the modern interpretation of that notion?
- slow periodic fluctuation of the blood volume and CSF pressure are responsible for brain tissue motion and skull bones. these fluctuations are functionally connected to chemical and physical homeostatic mechanisms of the brain tissue
_ is the palpable expression of the primary respiratory mechanism
Cranial rhythmic impulse.
Describe the motions of the CRI
flexion of midline bones is paired with external rotation of paired bones, and vice versa.
-normal rate is 10-14/min and can range from 6-14 as shown by research. Dr. Treffer wants us to know 6-14.
True or false: CRI are linked to respiratory and circulatory physiologic mechanism.
False. CRI is it’s own entity within the cranium due to the dynamics of the bones, dura, CSF and etc.
What are the fiver qualities of the CRI that can be evaluated?
- rate
- rhythm
- amplitude
- strength
- direction
On what axis does the sphenoid rotate on?
transverse axis.
During a SBS flexion, in what direction does the greater wings of the sphenoid move?
Anterior inferior direction
On what axis does the occiput rotate on?
transverse axis.
During cranial flexion, what happens to the AP diameter?
Gets shorter on the AP diameter and wider in the transverse diameter
Who is responsible for the following:
- measured motion of the human skull
- pick mounted on the parietal bones
- found rhythm of bones which varied with subjects
- found that rhythm is not synchronized with breathing
Fryman (1971)
Who used infrared device to measure CRI compared computer generated measurement vs skilled manual measurements?
Zanakis
whose study noted the inconsistency between palpation and instrument measurements and is explained by the observation that clinicians correlated flexion with one TH oscillation and extension with one oscillation
Kenneth Nelson
Whose study found in health people the continuous changes in cranial dimentsion (frontal and saggital section) with biphasic characteristic using 2-channel bioimpedence imaging and described cranial volume changes and found the rate to b 6-14. He also described interaction between intracranial hemodynamics and cSF circulation
Moskalenko
who used laser doppler flowmetry and founded Traube-Hering-Meyer oscillation that correlated highly with CRI
Kenneth Nelson
Who used MRI imagery of healthy human subjects to measure CRI?
Thomas Crow
What is the SBS?
SBS is the reference point around which diagnostic motion patterns are described. Sphenobasilar synchondrosis
Through what foramen do each of the cranial nerve exit the cranial vault?
CN I = cribiform plate (ethmoid bone)
CN II = optic foramen (sphenoid bone)
CN III-VI = superior orbital fissure (sphenoid bone)
CN V2 = foramen rotundum (sphenoid)
CN V3 = ovale (sphenoid)
CN VII-VIII= Internal auditory canal –> stylomastoid foramen (temporal bone)
CN IX-XI = jugular jugular foramen (temporal and occipital bone)
CN XII = hypoglossal canal (occipital bone)
what is Clinical significance of occipital-mastoid suture?
Ans: ?
what are the finger position for a vault hold?
index on greater wings 3rd on front of ear 4th on mastoid 5th on occiput thumb off
