Intro to OCF (4/1 - Kania) Flashcards by Caitlin miller

what are the three continuity units

Neural System continuity: CNS to ANS

Connective Tissue continuity: fascia, membranes, bones
Fluid System continuity: CSF, lymph

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what are the components of our inherent immunity

Structural Integrity
-which begets functional efficiency

Healthful nutrition
Adequate rest, including sleep!
Inner serenity

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who was the doc that observed the skull moving

William Garner Sutherland

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where there is a bevel there is likely….

motion!

the cranial bones have bevels (especially the temporal bone)

its like a fish gill!

harder to move when you are interdigitated (not beveled)

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what is the primary respiratory mechanism

primary –> underlying all other physiological functions

respiratory–> cellular respiration

mechanism –> cranial articulations

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what are the 5 tenets of the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM)

The fluctuation of the CSF and the potency of the tide

The mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and the function of the reciprocal tension membrane

The inherent motility of the central nervous system

The articular mobility of the cranial bones

The involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia

***These 5 points are the structure-function relationship b/w the CNS and the cranium

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what is tenet 1 of the PRM
where is majority of the CSF formed, how about the rest?

the intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are connected via what foramen?

where is CSF drained

the fluctuation of the CSF and the potency of the tide:

Movement of the CSF involves circulation and fluctuation

70% of CSF is formed at the choroid plexi in the ventricles (and thought to be channeled through the arachnoid granulations)

30% of CSF is formed as CSF extracellular fluid moves into the subarachnoid space.

The intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are connected by the foramen of Magendie and the foramen of Luschka

CSF is drained by the paravascular and extracellular spaces of the CNS

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what is the cranial rhythmic impulse?

fluctuation of the CSF that has 2 characteristics:
1) physical potency/energy that acts throughout the body as a hydrodynamic mechanism

2) electrical potential acting in a positive and negative phases

both are intimately integrated with the reciprocating motility of the CNS

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what is the rate at which cranial rhythmic impulses occur

10-14 cycles per minute in normal adults

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what is tenet 2 PRM

The mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and the function of the ***Reciprocal Tension Membrane (the dura)

dura is contiguous with periostium of calvarium (inside and out) and forms the falxes and tentorium

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli

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what are the functions of the reciprocal tension membrane

partition
support
shock-absorbing

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what is the sutherland fulcrum

the site where the three sickle-shaped agencies (flax cerebri, cerebelli and tentorium cerebeli) originate
(the common origin

it is a floating shifting point of balance

feels much like balancing a mobile on one finger

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what are the attachments of the falx cerebri

Crista galli of the ethmoid
Frontal bones along the metopic suture
Parietal bones along the sagittal suture
Occiput 
Tentorium cerebelli

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what are the attachments of the tentorium cerebelli

Posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid
Petrous ridges
Mastoid portion of the temporals
Posteroinferior angles of the parietals
Transverse ridges  of the occiput

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what are the attachments of the falx cerebelli

Tentorium cerebelli

Occiput to foramen magnum

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what is the inhalation phase of PRM that occurs in tenet 2?

flexion of SBS (sphenobasilar symphysis)

external rotation of paired bones

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in the inhalation phase ...
what happens to the falx cerebri ?
crista galli?
tentorium cerebelli?
venous sinuses change into what shape? do the venous sinuses contain muscles?

midline bones?
paired bones?
what happens to the sacral base?

Falx cerebri shifts anteriorly in the arc of its sickle

Crista galli moves posteriorly
Tentorium cerebelli shifts anteriorly and flattens, but is not relaxed

Venous sinuses change in shape from “V” to ovoid with increased capacity for drainage of blood. They do not contain muscle within the walls to enhance the return of blood into circulation

Midline bones move into flexion

Paired bones move into external rotation

Cephalad pull on spinal dura causes sacral base to move posterosuperiorly while the apex moves toward the pubic symphysis (extension)

sphenoid tips forward

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what is the exhalation phase of the PRM

extension of the SBS

internal rotation of paired bones

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in the exhalation phase of PRM what happens to the ....
falx cerebri?
crista galli?
tentorium cerebelli
venous sinuses (shape change) ?
midline bones
paired bones
sacral base?

Falx cerebri shifts posteriorly in the arc of its sickle
Crista galli moves anteriorly
Tentorium cerebelli shifts posteriorly and rises
Venous sinuses change in shape from ovoid to “V” with decreased capacity for drainage of blood.
Midline bones move into extension
Paired bones move into internal rotation
Caudad pull on spinal dura causes sacral base to move anteroinferiorly while the apex moves away from the pubic symphysis (flexion)

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where is the location of movement with exhalation and inhalation of the cranium

sphenobasilar symphysis right on the side of the head

what is the tenet 3 of the PRM

the inherent motility of the central nervous system

Oligodendroglial cells pulsate in culture

Pulsatile CSF and brain motion is detectable on MR imaging

MRI techniques needed to be developed to reduce the artifact caused by inherent motion

Physiologic brain motion lowers the mean metabolite concentrations on proton MR spectroscopy imaging

what is the SBS

sphenobasilar synchondrosis

where the sphenoid meets up with the occiput

when does the SBS (synchondrosis b/w occiput and sphenoid) ossify

late twenties

25!

what is the 4th tenet of PRM

the articular mobility of the cranial bones

there is small motion at the SBS which is amplified in the vault due to a vector arc

movement in the sutures is NOT the same as other joints in the body

when and IN WHAT is the cranial vault laid down what is the cranial base laid down in

Cranial vault is laid down in membrane in utero while the base is laid down in cartilage.

how many bones are in the skull?

There are 29 bones in skull, 8 in cranium, 14 in face, 7 misc: 6 ossicles, hyoid. More than 100 articulations in the skull collectively providing a relatively large range of motion in the cranium.

when do the first ossification centers begin in the sphenoid bone? what is it called prior to completely fusing what is it called when it completely fuses with the oociput

8-9 weeks in utero much of the bone is pre-formed in cartilage At birth the bone and consists of a central part (body and lesser wings) and two lateral parts (each comprising a greater wing and pterygoid process). By the twenty-fifth year, sphenoid and occipital bones are completely fused, and considered a symphysis. Prior to that, it is a synchondrosis

when does ossification of the occiput commence

7th week of fetal life (earlier then sphenoid)

at birth what does the occipital bone consist of

a basilar part, two lateral parts and a squamous part, all joined by cartilage and forming a ring around the foramen magnum.

when does fusion of the squamous and lateral parts of the occiput fuse when do the lateral parts fuse with the basilar parts

The squamous and lateral parts fuse together from the second year. The lateral parts fuse with the basilar part during years 3 and 4, but fusion may be delayed until the 7th year. 5 years per DiGiovanna- fusion around 5 years

Tenet number 5 of PRM

the involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia this is involuntary movement around a transverse axis at S2 Respiratory motion occurs along a transverse axis in response to respiration.

during inhalation what happens to the lordotic curve | what happens to the sacral base?

During inhalation, the lordotic curve decreases and the sacral base moves posteriorly.

during exhalation what happens to lordotic curve and sacral base?

Exhalation increases the lordotic curve and the sacrum moves anteriorly.

during Flexion of the sphenobasilar symphysis, the sacrum does what

sacrum counternutates or the base "nods" posteriorly extends

during extension phase of the craniosacral mechanism the sacrum does what

sacrum nutates or the base "nods" anteriorly (flexes)

what is the motion of the midline cranial bones

flex and extend

the paired bones of the cranium do what motion

externally and internally rotate with flexion and extension respectively

with flexion of the SBS does what occurs in terms of how the angle b/w the sphenoid and occiput looks and what about when it extends

it looks more angled and less obtuse when it is flexed when it is extended it doesn't look like an angle at all

how does the head look in flexion and how does it look in extension

flexion--> looks more round/full, shorter A/P axis Ernie extension--> looks more narrow and longer A/P axis Bert

in exhalation what is the action of the SBS, midline bones and paired bones

sbs descends midline bones extend paired bones internally rotate

in inhalation what is the action of the SBS, midline bones and paired bones

SBS rises Midline bones flex paired bones externally rotate

what are the 5 midline bones

``` sphenoid occiput vomer ethmoid (median plate) sacrum ```

what are the paired bones

``` frontals ethmoid (lateral masses) lacrimals nasals temporalis parietals zygomae palatines maxillae mandible inferior conchae innominates ```

cephalad

superior

caudal

inferior

about which axis do flexion and extension occur

transverse axis

external rotation of the temporal bone occurs when?

during flexion of the cranium feel the bones more prominently in their hands because the petrous ridge of the temporal bone moves antero-laterally with external rotation

with extension of the cranium the temporal bone does what

internally rotates feels like the temporal bone is less prominent on your hands the temporal bone petrous ridge moves postero-medially with internal rotation

``` PRM quality and rate may be increased by which of the following? A. Depression B. Schizophrenia C. Stress D. Chronic infection E. Fever ```

fever da fuck?