Intro to OCF (4/1 - Kania) Flashcards
what are the three continuity units
Neural System continuity: CNS to ANS
Connective Tissue continuity: fascia, membranes, bones
Fluid System continuity: CSF, lymph
what are the components of our inherent immunity
Structural Integrity
-which begets functional efficiency
Healthful nutrition
Adequate rest, including sleep!
Inner serenity
who was the doc that observed the skull moving
William Garner Sutherland
where there is a bevel there is likely….
motion!
the cranial bones have bevels (especially the temporal bone)
its like a fish gill!
harder to move when you are interdigitated (not beveled)
what is the primary respiratory mechanism
primary –> underlying all other physiological functions
respiratory–> cellular respiration
mechanism –> cranial articulations
what are the 5 tenets of the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM)
The fluctuation of the CSF and the potency of the tide
The mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and the function of the reciprocal tension membrane
The inherent motility of the central nervous system
The articular mobility of the cranial bones
The involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia
***These 5 points are the structure-function relationship b/w the CNS and the cranium
what is tenet 1 of the PRM
where is majority of the CSF formed, how about the rest?
the intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are connected via what foramen?
where is CSF drained
the fluctuation of the CSF and the potency of the tide:
Movement of the CSF involves circulation and fluctuation
70% of CSF is formed at the choroid plexi in the ventricles (and thought to be channeled through the arachnoid granulations)
30% of CSF is formed as CSF extracellular fluid moves into the subarachnoid space.
The intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are connected by the foramen of Magendie and the foramen of Luschka
CSF is drained by the paravascular and extracellular spaces of the CNS
what is the cranial rhythmic impulse?
fluctuation of the CSF that has 2 characteristics:
1) physical potency/energy that acts throughout the body as a hydrodynamic mechanism
2) electrical potential acting in a positive and negative phases
both are intimately integrated with the reciprocating motility of the CNS
what is the rate at which cranial rhythmic impulses occur
10-14 cycles per minute in normal adults
what is tenet 2 PRM
The mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and the function of the ***Reciprocal Tension Membrane (the dura)
dura is contiguous with periostium of calvarium (inside and out) and forms the falxes and tentorium
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
what are the functions of the reciprocal tension membrane
partition
support
shock-absorbing
what is the sutherland fulcrum
the site where the three sickle-shaped agencies (flax cerebri, cerebelli and tentorium cerebeli) originate
(the common origin
it is a floating shifting point of balance
feels much like balancing a mobile on one finger
what are the attachments of the falx cerebri
Crista galli of the ethmoid Frontal bones along the metopic suture Parietal bones along the sagittal suture Occiput Tentorium cerebelli
what are the attachments of the tentorium cerebelli
Posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid Petrous ridges Mastoid portion of the temporals Posteroinferior angles of the parietals Transverse ridges of the occiput
what are the attachments of the falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
Occiput to foramen magnum
what is the inhalation phase of PRM that occurs in tenet 2?
flexion of SBS (sphenobasilar symphysis)
external rotation of paired bones
in the inhalation phase ... what happens to the falx cerebri ? crista galli? tentorium cerebelli? venous sinuses change into what shape? do the venous sinuses contain muscles?
midline bones?
paired bones?
what happens to the sacral base?
Falx cerebri shifts anteriorly in the arc of its sickle
Crista galli moves posteriorly
Tentorium cerebelli shifts anteriorly and flattens, but is not relaxed
Venous sinuses change in shape from “V” to ovoid with increased capacity for drainage of blood. They do not contain muscle within the walls to enhance the return of blood into circulation
Midline bones move into flexion
Paired bones move into external rotation
Cephalad pull on spinal dura causes sacral base to move posterosuperiorly while the apex moves toward the pubic symphysis (extension)
sphenoid tips forward
what is the exhalation phase of the PRM
extension of the SBS
internal rotation of paired bones
in the exhalation phase of PRM what happens to the .... falx cerebri? crista galli? tentorium cerebelli venous sinuses (shape change) ? midline bones paired bones sacral base?
Falx cerebri shifts posteriorly in the arc of its sickle
Crista galli moves anteriorly
Tentorium cerebelli shifts posteriorly and rises
Venous sinuses change in shape from ovoid to “V” with decreased capacity for drainage of blood.
Midline bones move into extension
Paired bones move into internal rotation
Caudad pull on spinal dura causes sacral base to move anteroinferiorly while the apex moves away from the pubic symphysis (flexion)
where is the location of movement with exhalation and inhalation of the cranium
sphenobasilar symphysis right on the side of the head
what is the tenet 3 of the PRM
the inherent motility of the central nervous system
Oligodendroglial cells pulsate in culture
Pulsatile CSF and brain motion is detectable on MR imaging
MRI techniques needed to be developed to reduce the artifact caused by inherent motion
Physiologic brain motion lowers the mean metabolite concentrations on proton MR spectroscopy imaging
what is the SBS
sphenobasilar synchondrosis
where the sphenoid meets up with the occiput
when does the SBS (synchondrosis b/w occiput and sphenoid) ossify
late twenties
25!
what is the 4th tenet of PRM
the articular mobility of the cranial bones
there is small motion at the SBS which is amplified in the vault due to a vector arc
movement in the sutures is NOT the same as other joints in the body
when and IN WHAT is the cranial vault laid down
what is the cranial base laid down in
Cranial vault is laid down in membrane in utero while the base is laid down in cartilage.
how many bones are in the skull?
There are 29 bones in skull, 8 in cranium, 14 in face, 7 misc: 6 ossicles, hyoid.
More than 100 articulations in the skull collectively providing a relatively large range of motion in the cranium.
when do the first ossification centers begin in the sphenoid bone?
what is it called prior to completely fusing
what is it called when it completely fuses with the oociput
8-9 weeks in utero
much of the bone is pre-formed in cartilage
At birth the bone and consists of a central part (body and lesser wings) and two lateral parts (each comprising a greater wing and pterygoid process).
By the twenty-fifth year, sphenoid and occipital bones are completely fused, and considered a symphysis. Prior to that, it is a synchondrosis
when does ossification of the occiput commence
7th week of fetal life (earlier then sphenoid)
at birth what does the occipital bone consist of
a basilar part, two lateral parts and a squamous part, all joined by cartilage and forming a ring around the foramen magnum.
when does fusion of the squamous and lateral parts of the occiput fuse
when do the lateral parts fuse with the basilar parts
The squamous and lateral parts fuse together from the second year.
The lateral parts fuse with the basilar part during years 3 and 4, but fusion may be delayed until the 7th year.
5 years per DiGiovanna- fusion around 5 years
Tenet number 5 of PRM
the involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia
this is involuntary movement around a transverse axis at S2
Respiratory motion occurs along a transverse axis in response to respiration.
during inhalation what happens to the lordotic curve
what happens to the sacral base?
During inhalation, the lordotic curve decreases and the sacral base moves posteriorly.
during exhalation what happens to lordotic curve and sacral base?
Exhalation increases the lordotic curve and the sacrum moves anteriorly.
during Flexion of the sphenobasilar symphysis, the sacrum does what
sacrum counternutates or the base “nods” posteriorly
extends
during extension phase of the craniosacral mechanism the sacrum does what
sacrum nutates or the base “nods” anteriorly (flexes)
what is the motion of the midline cranial bones
flex and extend
the paired bones of the cranium do what motion
externally and internally rotate with flexion and extension respectively
with flexion of the SBS does what occurs in terms of how the angle b/w the sphenoid and occiput looks
and what about when it extends
it looks more angled and less obtuse when it is flexed
when it is extended it doesn’t look like an angle at all
how does the head look in flexion and how does it look in extension
flexion–> looks more round/full, shorter A/P axis
Ernie
extension–> looks more narrow and longer A/P axis
Bert
in exhalation what is the action of the SBS, midline bones and paired bones
sbs descends
midline bones extend
paired bones internally rotate
in inhalation what is the action of the SBS, midline bones and paired bones
SBS rises
Midline bones flex
paired bones externally rotate
what are the 5 midline bones
sphenoid occiput vomer ethmoid (median plate) sacrum
what are the paired bones
frontals ethmoid (lateral masses) lacrimals nasals temporalis parietals zygomae palatines maxillae mandible inferior conchae innominates
cephalad
superior
caudal
inferior
about which axis do flexion and extension occur
transverse axis
external rotation of the temporal bone occurs when?
during flexion of the cranium
feel the bones more prominently in their hands because the petrous ridge of the temporal bone moves antero-laterally with external rotation
with extension of the cranium the temporal bone does what
internally rotates
feels like the temporal bone is less prominent on your hands
the temporal bone petrous ridge moves postero-medially with internal rotation
PRM quality and rate may be increased by which of the following? A. Depression B. Schizophrenia C. Stress D. Chronic infection E. Fever
fever
da fuck?
